5,5-Difluoro- and 5-Fluoro-5-methyl-hexose-based C-Glucosides as potent and orally bioavailable SGLT1 and SGLT2 dual inhibitors

(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-Aryl-5,5-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols and (2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-aryl-5-fluoro-5-methyl-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diols were discovered as dual inhibitors of sodium glucose co-transporter proteins (e.g. SGLT1 and SGLT2) through rational drug design, efficient synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Compound 6g demonstrated potent dual inhibitory activities (IC₅₀ = 96 nM for SGLT1 and IC₅₀ = 1.3 nM for SGLT2). It showed robust inhibition of blood glucose excursion in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats when dosed at both 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg orally. It also demonstrated postprandial glucose control in db/db mice when dosed orally at 10 mg/kg.