3-(4-Pyridyl)indole
Based on 1 Customer Validation
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (Rockout; 3-(4-Pyridinyl)-1H-indole; Rho Kinase Inhibitor III, Rockout) is a Rho-kinase inhibitor (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole inhibits cell migration, membrane blebbing, and stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, and induces actin stress fiber disassembly. 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole promotes cell spreading and alters cell morphology and dynamics. 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole inhibits PRK2. 3-(4-Pyridyl)indole is used in wound healing research.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.94%
- CAS No.: 7272-84-6
- Formula: C13H10N2
- Molecular Weight:194.23
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Biological Activity
Description
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBMC | IC50 |
28 μM
Compound: 2
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Antiproliferative activity against PBMC
Antiproliferative activity against PBMC
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[PMID: 16483773] |
In Vitro
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (0-100 µM; 7 h) inhibits wound healing/migration of BS-C-1 epithelial cells and exhibits pronounced morphological effects[2].
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (50 µM; 10 min) disrupts stress fibers and focal adhesion protein localization in Balb 3T3 fibroblasts[2].
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole (50 µM; 20 min) decreases myosin light chain Ser19 phosphorylation in M2 and Balb 3T3 cells without inhibiting Rho activation[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:Balb 3T3 (B3T3) fibroblasts
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Concentration:50 µM
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Incubation Time:10 min (with and without overnight serum starvation)
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Result:Caused significant morphological change within 10 min.
Continued to ruffle.
Decreased stress fiber staining, most clearly after overnight serum starvation.
Disrupted localization of α-actinin, filamin, vinculin, and ezrin.
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Cell Line:M2 and Balb 3T3 cells
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Concentration:50 µM
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Incubation Time:10 min incubation + 10 min after serum stimulation
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Result:Decreased pMLC Ser19 levels in both M2 and B3T3 cells in the presence and absence of serum.
Did not inhibit Rho activation.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 7272-84-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 194.23
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Formula C13H10N2
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Color Off-white to light yellow
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SMILES
C1(C2=CC=NC=C2)=CNC3=C1C=CC=C3
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Synonyms
Rockout; 3-(4-Pyridinyl)-1H-indole; Rho Kinase Inhibitor III, Rockout
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (514.85 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (25.74 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Scratch/Wound-Healing Migration Assay
The scratch/wound-healing migration assay measures collective migration of adherent cells into an experimentally created cell-free gap in a confluent monolayer. The readout is generated by imaging the gap immediately after scratching and at later time points, then quantifying reduction in wound area, wound width, or percentage closure as cells move into the denuded region. Gap closure reflects cell migration but may also include cell proliferation, so interpretation should distinguish migration-focused conditions from proliferation-driven closure when possible, such as by using short assay windows, serum-controlled conditions, cell counting, or proliferation controls reported in published protocols.
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Cell migration
Cell migration is a method that plays an important role in wound healing, cell differentiation, embryonic development, etc.
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Chemotaxis Gradient Chamber Assay 1
The chemotaxis gradient chamber assay is based on the principle of observing directional cell migration in response to a stable, linear or quasi-linear concentration gradient of a chemoattractant formed between two fluid reservoirs separated by a narrow observation chamber. Cells placed within the chamber respond to the gradient by polarized movement toward higher chemoattractant concentrations, allowing quantification of chemotactic behavior in real time under microscopy. The classic Zigmond chamber design enables simultaneous visualization of gradient formation and individual cell trajectories, making it suitable for studying leukocyte chemotaxis and other motile cell types in vitro.
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Under-Agarose Cell Migration Assay
The under-agarose cell migration assay is a classical in vitro chemotaxis method designed to evaluate directed cell movement through a semi-solid agarose matrix toward soluble chemoattractant gradients, enabling visualization and quantification of leukocyte or motile cell migration in a confined 2D-like environment. In this system, cells and chemoattractants are placed in separate wells cut into an agarose gel, allowing diffusion-driven gradient formation that guides directional migration, which is typically assessed by measuring migration distance, cell morphology changes, and accumulation toward the chemoattractant source. This assay has been widely used to study neutrophil and leukocyte chemotaxis as a simple alternative to filter-based migration systems and allows direct microscopic observation of migrating cells under near-physiological confinement conditions.
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Neural Crest/Neuronal Cell Migration Explant Assay
Neural crest (NC) and neuronal cell migration explant assays are in vitro systems in which neural tube-derived tissues are cultured to allow premigratory or newly emigrated neural crest cells to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migrate away from the explant, and form a measurable radial outgrowth that reflects migratory capacity and environmental responsiveness. These assays typically quantify migration by measuring the expansion of cell outgrowth from neural tube or neural plate border explants over time, often comparing early and later timepoints to derive a migration index such as a radius ratio, which reflects net cell dispersal from the explant core. Neural tube explant cultures preserve key aspects of neural crest behavior, including EMT, migration, and early differentiation, making them suitable for assessing intrinsic migratory ability and extrinsic cue dependence. However, studies emphasize that migratory outgrowth from neural tube explants may include non-n
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Transwell/Boyden Chamber Migration Assay
The Transwell/Boyden chamber migration assay measures cell movement through a porous membrane separating an upper and lower chamber, usually after a chemoattractant gradient is established by placing cells in the upper chamber and chemoattractant-containing medium in the lower chamber. The readout is generated by quantifying cells that traverse the membrane and appear on the lower membrane surface or in the lower chamber, depending on whether the cell type is adherent or non-adherent. This assay reflects chemotactic or haptotactic migration rather than matrix invasion unless an extracellular-matrix barrier is added to the membrane.
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3D Collagen/Hydrogel Matrix Migration Assay
The 3D collagen/hydrogel matrix migration assay is based on embedding cells within or on top of a fibrillar collagen type I-rich three-dimensional matrix to model in vivo-like extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture, enabling analysis of cell migration through a physically and biochemically relevant scaffold. In contrast to 2D migration systems, cells in 3D matrices interact with fibrillar collagen networks, requiring coordinated adhesion remodeling and proteolytic or non-proteolytic deformation mechanisms to move through confined spaces, thereby providing a more physiologically relevant readout of invasive and migratory behavior in tissue-like environments. Cell movement in 3D collagen matrices is typically quantified by tracking single-cell trajectories, invasion depth, or matrix penetration over time, reflecting combined effects of cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-ECM adhesion turnover, and ECM remodeling. These systems are widely used to study tumor cell invasion and stromal cell motili
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Cell-Exclusion Zone Migration Assay
The Cell-Exclusion Zone (CEZ) migration assay is an in vitro 2D cell migration method in which a defined cell-free area is created using removable physical barriers such as silicone stoppers, allowing cells to be seeded around the barrier and subsequently migrate into the cleared zone after barrier removal. This approach enables quantification of collective cell migration by monitoring repopulation of the initially cell-free region over time using microscopy-based imaging. Compared with scratch-based wound healing assays, barrier-based exclusion methods are designed to avoid mechanical damage to the extracellular matrix and reduce injury-induced effects on boundary cells, thereby improving interpretability of migration behavior in vitro. The assay readout is typically the progressive reduction in the cell-free area or the number of cells invading the exclusion zone, reflecting coordinated cell motility relevant to physiological processes such as wound healing, epithelial repair, and ca
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Chemotaxis Gradient Chamber Assay 2
Chemotaxis gradient chamber assays measure directional cell migration in response to a soluble chemical gradient by imaging cells as they move across a defined observation region; the readout is generated from time-lapse cell trajectories, displacement toward the gradient, forward migration index, trajectory plots, rose/polar plots, and statistical tests of non-random directionality. The Dunn chamber is a direct-viewing glass chamber in which cells migrate across a bridge between control and chemoattractant wells, allowing observation of cells in a linear concentration gradient; related direct-viewing formats include the Insall chamber, which supports defined unidirectional gradients and high numerical-aperture microscopy, and the μ-Slide Chemotaxis chamber, which supports long-term live-cell imaging and gradient characterization with fluorescent dye.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (278 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.1485 mL | 25.7427 mL | 51.4854 mL | 128.7134 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0297 mL | 5.1485 mL | 10.2971 mL | 25.7427 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5149 mL | 2.5743 mL | 5.1485 mL | 12.8713 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3432 mL | 1.7162 mL | 3.4324 mL | 8.5809 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2574 mL | 1.2871 mL | 2.5743 mL | 6.4357 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2059 mL | 1.0297 mL | 2.0594 mL | 5.1485 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1716 mL | 0.8581 mL | 1.7162 mL | 4.2904 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1287 mL | 0.6436 mL | 1.2871 mL | 3.2178 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1030 mL | 0.5149 mL | 1.0297 mL | 2.5743 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0858 mL | 0.4290 mL | 0.8581 mL | 2.1452 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0644 mL | 0.3218 mL | 0.6436 mL | 1.6089 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0515 mL | 0.2574 mL | 0.5149 mL | 1.2871 mL |
3-(4-Pyridyl)indole Related Classifications
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