2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. 상품명 효과 Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-115737
    L-threo-PPMP
    		Inducer
    L-threo-PPMP is a GlcT (UDP-Glc: Ceramide β1,1glucosyltransferase) inhibitor. L-threo-PPMP inhibits glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and induces apoptosis. L-threo-PPMP has anti-cancer activity.
    L-threo-PPMP
  • HY-P1832
    PTD-p65-P1 Peptide
    		Inducer
    PTD-p65-P1 Peptide is a potent, selective nuclear transcription factor NF-κB inhibitor and derives from the p65 subunit of NF-κB amino acid residues 271-282, which selectively inhibits NF-κB activation induced by various inflammatory stimulation, down-regulate NF-κB-mediated gene expression and up-regulate apoptosis.
    PTD-p65-P1 Peptide
  • HY-181459
    PARP1-IN-55
    		Inducer
    PARP1-IN-55 is a potent and selective PARP1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.019 μM. PARP1-IN-55 exhibits anti-proliferative selective activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 = 3.6 μM). PARP1-IN-55 inhibits the PARP1-mediated DNA damage repair pathway, induces ROS accumulation, disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential, induced apoptosis and suppresses cancer cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. PARP1-IN-55 can be used for the study of breast cancer.
    PARP1-IN-55
  • HY-181659
    EGFR-IN-201
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-201 is a potent EGFR inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.091 μM against wild-type EGFR; for mutant EGFR variants, the IC50 values of EGFRT790M, EGFRL858R and EGFRC797S are 0.147 μM, 0.221 μM and 0.703 μM, respectively. EGFR-IN-201 inhibits EGFR downstream signaling proteins AKT1 (IC50 = 0.225 μg/mL) and ERK1 (IC50 = 0.705 μg/mL). EGFR-IN-201 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and low-level necrosis in cancer cells. EGFR-IN-201 is applicable to research on cancers such as colon cancer.
    EGFR-IN-201
  • HY-155822
    TZ3O
    		Inhibitor 98.17%
    TZ3O is an anticholinergic agent with neuroprotective effects. TZ3O inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in human plasma with an IC50 of 304.5 μM. TZ3O can improve memory impairment and cognitive decline in rats in the Scopolamine (HY-N0296)-induced Alzheimer-type model. TZ3O could be used in Alzheimer’s research.
    TZ3O
  • HY-174377
    PeS-9
    		Activator

    PeS-9 is an Androgen Receptor (AR) degrader that induces androgen receptor degradation PeS-9 induces mitochondrial and ER stress by promoting cytotoxic ROS production, leading to the release of mitochondrial cytochrome C and AIF. PeS-9 subsequently activates caspases-9 and -3, causing DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death. PeS-9 has anticancer activity against prostate cancer and exerts in vivo antitumor and antimetastatic activity with minor side effects. PeS-9 can be used for the study of targeting monotherapy against GLUT-1-overexpressing tumors.
    PeS-9
  • HY-128853R
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard)
    		Activator
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is a bile salt (Standard)-related anionic detergent. Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with Taurine (HY-B0351). Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard) is used for isolation of membrane proteins including inner mitochondrial membrane proteins. Taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
    Taurodeoxycholate sodium salt (Standard)
  • HY-163619
    Anticancer agent 227
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 227 (compound YNU-1c) is a potent anticancer agent. Anticancer agent 227 shows antiproliferative activity. Anticancer agent 227 induces apoptosis and mitophagy.
    Anticancer agent 227
  • HY-169293
    Antiproliferative agent-63
    		Inducer
    Antiproliferative agent-63 (compound 4d), a ring-annulated analogue of Cannabidiol, is an anticancer agent. Antiproliferative agent-63 demonstrates a promising activity against breast and colorectal cancer. Antiproliferative agent-63 arrests the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in breast cancer cell lines.
    Antiproliferative agent-63
  • HY-178022
    HDAC6-IN-63
    		Inducer
    HDAC6-IN-63 (Compound 7) is an orally active HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 of 145  nM. HDAC6-IN-63 inhibits the expression of Sp1 and RAD51, thereby inducing Caspase-dependent apoptosis. HDAC6-IN-63 has antitumor activity and sensitizes Etoposide (HY-13629) and Gemcitabine (HY-17026), promoting synergistic death of NSCLC cells through the inhibition of homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways involved in DNA DSB repair. HDAC6-IN-63 can be used for chemotherapy of cancers like NSCLC research.
    HDAC6-IN-63
  • HY-141649
    Anticancer agent 251
    		Inducer
    Anticancer agent 251 (compound 7j) can induce cell death of bladder cancer cell T24 by inducing apoptosis, autophagy or ferroptosis.
    Anticancer agent 251
  • HY-168623
    EGFR-IN-134
    		Inducer
    EGFR-IN-134 (compound 3f), a triazolo[3,4-a]isoquinoline derivative, is a potent EGFR inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.023 µM. EGFR-IN-134 induces apoptosis and necrosis. EGFR-IN-134 initiates cell cycle arrest at the G2/M and pre-G1 phases, downregulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 and upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins: p53, Bax, and caspases 3, 8, and 9. EGFR-IN-134 shows antiproliferative and anticancer activity.
    EGFR-IN-134
  • HY-119995
    Chloropyramine
    		Inducer
    Chloropyramine is competitive reversible H1 receptor antagonist. Chloropyramine also has anti-tumour activity in breast cancer. Chloropyramine can be used for the research of allergic conditions, such as conjunctivitis and bronchial asthma.
    Chloropyramine
  • HY-175824
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 is a inhibitor targeting the PSD-95/nNOS interaction with potential blood-brain barrier penetration. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 binds to the PSD-95 PDZ2 domain with high affinity (Ki = 19.45 μM). PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 inhibits glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by reducing intracellular ROS levels and inhibiting apoptosis. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 significantly reduces cerebral infarct volume in rat tMCAO models. PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1 can be used for the study of acute ischemic stroke.
    PSD-95/nNOS PPI-IN-1
  • HY-N3171A
    (+)-Nortrachelogenin
    		Inducer 98.68%
    (+)-Nortrachelogenin (Wikstromol), a pharmacologically ligand from from wikstroemia indica, possesses antileukemic activity.
    (+)-Nortrachelogenin
  • HY-N0220R
    Dauricine (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dauricine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dauricine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dauricine, a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid in Menispermum dauricum, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Dauricine inhibits cell proliferation and invasion, and induces apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB activation in a dose-and time-dependent manner in colon cancer.
    Dauricine (Standard)
  • HY-W744243
    Etoposide-d4
    Etoposide-d4 (VP-16-d4; VP-16-213-d4) is the deuterium labeled Etoposide (HY-13629). Etoposide (VP-16; VP-16-213) is an anti-cancer chemotherapy agent. Etoposide inhibits topoisomerase II, thus stopping DNA replication. Etoposide induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and autophagy.
    Etoposide-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-178712
    CT 32228
    		Inducer
    CT 32228 is an inhibitor of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-β (LPAAT-β). CT 32228 inhibits tumor cell growth. CT 32228 exhibits IC50 values of around 0.1-0.8 μM in various leukemia cell lines. CT 32228 induces caspase activation in DHL-4 and Ramos cells. CT 32228 induces apoptosis when combined with Rituximab (HY-P9913). CT 32228 results in a 50% xenograft growth delay in vivo. CT 32228 can be studied in research on acute leukemia.
    CT 32228
  • HY-163118
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 17
    		Inducer
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 17 (compound 4c) is an inhibitor of thiazolopyrimidine topoisomerase (Topoisomerase) Top II (IC50: 0.23 μM). Topoisomerase II inhibitor 17 can significantly cause cell cycle disruption and apoptosis.
    Topoisomerase II inhibitor 17
  • HY-176269
    VS1150
    		Inducer
    VS1150 (Compound 11) is a BCR-ABL-targeting phosphorylation-inducing chimeric small molecule (PHICS). VS1150 significantly inhibits oncogenic kinase BCR-ABL signaling by inducing inhibitory phosphorylation at its Y253 (EC50: 69 nM), subsequently triggering cell apoptosis. VS1150 also inhibits other oncogenic ABL fusions and drug-resistant mutants like T315I. VS1150 can be used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and other ABL fusion-driven cancers research.
    VS1150
Cat. No. 상품명 / Synonyms Application Reactivity