RNA Polymerases
RNA polymerases catalyze genome transcription, converting genetic information into RNA outputs that support gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and cell growth[1]. In eukaryotic cells, three nuclear enzymes divide this work: RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) produces mRNAs and many regulatory non-coding RNAs, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) generates tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other short non-coding RNAs[2][3]. Mechanistically, Pol I and Pol III support ribosome production and translation capacity, whereas Pol II links transcription initiation, elongation, RNA processing, and gene-specific regulation through its C-terminal domain[4]. In disease models, disruption of Pol I or Pol III function produces tissue-specific developmental disorders, especially craniofacial abnormalities and leukodystrophy or neurodegenerative phenotypes[3]. Compared with Pol II, Pol I and Pol III are distinguished by high-output non-coding RNA transcription and by specialized subunits that define isoform-specific transcription programs[2][3]. For experimental applications, Pol I inhibition with CX-5461 suppresses rDNA transcription and has been used to study p53 activation, nucleolar stress, DNA damage response, and cancer cell vulnerability[5][6]. Pol III inhibition also provides aging-model utility, because reduced Pol III activity extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies downstream of TORC1[7].
References:
- [1]. Barba-Aliaga M, et al. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: The Many Ways to Transcribe a Gene. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Apr 21;8:663209. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Wang Y, et al. BMP and RA signaling cooperate to regulate Apolipoprotein C1 expression during embryonic development. Gene. 2015 Jan 10;554(2):196-204. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Watt KE, et al. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Feb 28;136:49-63. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hsin JP, et al. The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. Genes Dev. 2012 Oct 1;26(19):2119-37. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I as a therapeutic strategy to promote cancer-specific activation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Haddach M, et al. Discovery of CX-5461, the First Direct and Selective Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase I, for Cancer Therapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 8;3(7):602-6. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Filer D, et al. RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1. Nature. 2017 Dec 14;552(7684):263-267. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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RNA Polymerases Related Products (161)
Related Products (161)
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(Z)-Corallopyronin A
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N21895CAS No.: 96789-48-9(Z)-Corallopyronin A is an isomer of Corallopyronin A (HY-N11622). Corallopyronin A is a polyketide natural product derived from myxobacteria and acts as a bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor with antibacterial activity. Corallopyronin A binds to the switch region of RNA polymerase and allosterically blocks the transcription initiation process. Corallopyronin A exhibits in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the filarial endosymbiont Wolbachia. (Z)-Corallopyronin A can be used for research related to bacterial infections.
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5'-GMPS
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-131817CAS No.: 76310-16-25'-GMPS is an analogue of 5'-GMP and a substrate, competitive inhibitor or regulator of enzymes that interact with 5'-GMP. 5'-GMPS is suitable as a primer of RNA synthesis by T7 RNA polymerase.
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RNA polymerase II-IN-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-147917CAS No.: 2891451-33-3RNA polymerase II-IN-2 is a RNA polymerase II inhibitor with a Ki value of 74.1 nM. RNA polymerase II-IN-2 inhibits Pol II-mediated transcription and induces cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. RNA polymerase II-IN-2 serves as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) and is applicable for cancer research.
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HNC-1664
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-170799CAS No.: 2127358-36-3HNC-1664 is the orally active inhibitor for RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). HNC-1664 exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and its mutants XBB.1.18, HK.3.1, BF.7.14, BA.1HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43) and arenavirus. HNC-1664 exhibits anti-infectious activity in SARS-CoV-2 Delta infected mouse models.
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RdRP-IN-5
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-152239CAS No.: 2915761-76-9RdRP-IN-5 (compound 20) is a potent influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitor. RdRP-IN-5 can be used in research of influenza virus.
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P-536
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105111CAS No.: 93426-60-9P-536 is a ACE inhibitor that also inhibits herpes simplex virus HSV-1 thymidine kinase and Trypanosoma cruzi RNA polymerase. By inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system, downregulating the expression of AT1R and NOX4, and reducing oxidative stress (decreasing plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 8-isoprostaglandin levels), P-536 effectively reduces systolic blood pressure and improves vascular reactivity. P-536 also inhibits the replication of DNA/RNA viruses such as HSV-1 by blocking nucleotide metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis, competitively inhibits RNA synthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi, and inhibits amastigote replication, thereby impeding its growth. P-536 is suitable for research on hypertension, insulin resistance, and Chagas disease.
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cis-RdRP-IN-11
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-152239ACAS No.: 2915761-75-8cis-RdRP-IN-5 (compound 19) is a potent influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitor. cis-RdRP-IN-5 can be used in research of influenza virus.
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RNAP-σ interaction-IN-4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-179637RNAP-σ interaction-IN-4 (Compound 3a) is an inhibitor of the RNA polymerase-sigma factor interaction (RNAP-σ) with MIC values against S. pneumoniae and S. aureus of 1 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively. RNAP-σ interaction-IN-4 exhibits strong bactericidal properties by interfering with the interaction of β′CH−σ and disrupting the transcription of bacteria. RNAP-IN-2 shows significant efficacy in sepsis models. RNAP-σ interaction-IN-4 can be used to study Gram-positive bacterial infections caused by multi-drug resistant strains.
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Influenza virus PA (46-54)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P5478CAS No.: 318273-25-5Influenza virus PA (46-54) is a biological active peptide. (HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope from influenza virus RNA polymerase subunit, PA (46-54).)
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Rifaquizinone
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-135184CAS No.: 922717-97-3Synonyms: CBR-2092; TNP-2092Rifaquizinone (CBR-2092; TNP-2092) is a rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic. Rifaquizinone has an IC50 of 0.034 μM against wild-type Staphylococcus aureus DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Rifaquizinone potently inhibits Staphylococcus aureus infection, with an MIC range of 0.008-0.5 μg/mL against 300 clinical isolates of staphylococci and streptococci. Rifaquizinone can be used in research related to persistent Staphylococcus aureus infections.
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Favipiravir-13C15N
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-14768SSynonyms: T-705-13C15NFavipiravir-13C15N (T-705-13C15N) is 13C and 15N labeled Favipiravir. Favipiravir (T-705) is a potent viral RNA polymerase inhibitor, it is phosphoribosylated by cellular enzymes to its active form, Favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5′-triphosphate (RTP). Favipiravir-RTP inhibits the influenza viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity with an IC50 of 341 nM.
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VX-759
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-119161CAS No.: 478025-29-5Synonyms: VCH-759VX-759 (VCH-759) is an orally active HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. VX-759 is promising for research of chronic hepatitis C.
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Pol I-IN-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-145840CAS No.: 2765318-69-0Pol I-IN-1 is a potent RNA polymerase I (Pol I) inhibitor with IC50 0.21 µM for the Pol I large catalytic subunit RPA194.
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XSJ2-46
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-156291CAS No.: 2265911-12-2XSJ2-46, 5'-amino NI analog, is an antiviral agent. XSJ2-46 has anti-Zika virus activity. XSJ2-46 exhibits reasonable inhibition of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp) with an IC50 value of 8.78 μM.
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Citrocin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P10980Citrocin is a potent bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor. Citrocin shows significant inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli RNAP with an MIC range of 16-125 μM. Citrocin specifically binds to and inhibits RNA polymerase to block bacterial transcription and enters cells mainly through inner membrane protein SbmA. Citrocin is promising for research of Gram-negative bacterial infections, such as enterohemorrhagic E. coli.
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TR-213
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-177743CAS No.: 2980502-40-5
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ALS-8112-TP
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-12983BCAS No.: 1445383-14-1ALS-8112-TP is the 5'-triphosphate metabolite of ALS-8112 (HY-12983). ALS-8112-TP is a potent, selective and competitive respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) RNA polymerase inhibitor, with selectivity against polymerases from host or viruses unrelated to RSV such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). ALS-8112-TP can be efficiently recognized by the recombinant RSV polymerase complex, causing chain termination of RNA synthesis. ALS-8112-TP can be used for RSV-infection research.
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Antiviral agent 34
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-155110CAS No.: 945152-88-5Antiviral agent 34 is a potent and orally active antiviral agent against influenza A and B subtypes with an EC50 value of 0.8 nM for H1N1 proliferation. Antiviral agent 34 derivatives inhibited influenza virus proliferation by targeting influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral agent 34 can be used for influenza virus research.
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4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-160968CAS No.: 58957-91-84-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin, a derivative of Daunorubicin (HY-13062A), is an anthracycline antibiotics. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can bind to calf thymus DNA and forms a complex with the stacked DNA base pairs. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can inhibit prokaryotic nucleic acid polymerases, including E. coli DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase. 4-Demethoxy-7,9-di-epi-daunorubicin can be used for researches of cancer and infection.
