Barakol
Barakol is an anticancer and anxiolytic agent identified in Cassia siamea. Barakol inhibits MMP-3 activity and enhances the cytotoxicity and antimetastatic effects of Doxorubicin (HY-15142) against cancer cells. Barakol induces apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, upregulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio, and activation of caspase-9. Barakol exerts anxiolytic activity with diazepam-like effects, increases spontaneous longitudinal smooth muscle contraction of rat ileum in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50 = 0.3 mM), and inhibits norepinephrine-induced contraction suppression. Barakol can be used in research related to anxiety, intestinal motility, and neuroblastoma.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- CAS No.: 24506-68-1
- Formula: C13H12O4
- Molecular Weight:232.23
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| P19 | IC50 |
1.5 mM
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Reduction of mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by XTT assay.
Reduction of mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by XTT assay.
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21777666 |
| MRC5 | IC50 |
2.3449 μM
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Exhibits minimal cytotoxicity against MRC-5 normal embryonic lung cells.
Exhibits minimal cytotoxicity against MRC-5 normal embryonic lung cells.
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38318050 |
Barakol (0.05-4 mM; 12-24 h) reduces the viability of P19 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 1.5 mM, and impairs mitochondrial function[1].
Barakol (0.2-1.5 mM; 24 h) induces concentration-dependent apoptosis in P19 cells, leading to apoptosis in approximately 30% of cells, and this effect is attenuated by pretreatment with 1 mM NAC (HY-B0215)[1].
Barakol (0.4-1.5 mM; 9 h) reduces Bcl-2 protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner, upregulates the Bax/Bcl2 ratio in P19 cells, and this effect is reversed by pretreatment with NAC[1].
Barakol (0.2-1.5 mM; 24 h) activates caspase-9 in P19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro with a treatment duration of 24 h[1].
Barakol (0.4 mM; 15-360 min) induces rapid and transient intracellular ROS production in P19 cells, with ROS levels peaking at 2 h; hydroxyl radicals represent the main ROS driving this reaction, and this effect is completely blocked by pretreatment with 1 mM NAC[1].
Barakol (0.0043-43.0 μM; 8 h pretreatment; 24 h incubation with or without Doxorubicin) enhances the cytotoxic effect of low-dose Doxorubicin (HY-15142A) on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, while it itself exhibits only extremely low cytotoxicity at doses up to 4.3 μM; it also significantly reduces intracellular ROS levels in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, with a more pronounced effect at higher Doxorubicin doses[2].
Barakol (0.043-43.0 μM; 24 h) inhibits MMP-3 activity in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at the concentration of 43.0 μM after 24 h of incubation[2].
Barakol (0.043-43.0 μM; 12-36 h) inhibits the migration of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner[2].
Barakol (0.043-43.0 μM; 10-60 min) inhibits the activity of MMP-3 in a time- and dose-dependent manner[2].
Barakol (48 h) exhibits extremely low cytotoxicity against MRC-5 normal embryonic lung cells, with an IC50 of 2.3449 μM[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells
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Concentration:0.2, 0.4 and 1.5 mM (24 h incubation); 1.5 mM (with 1 mM NAC pretreatment)
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Incubation Time:24 h (0.2-1.5 mM); 30 min (NAC pretreatment) followed by 24 h (1.5 mM)
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Result:Induced concentration-dependent apoptotic morphological changes (condensed chromatin, apoptotic bodies) in P19 cells.
Induced apoptosis in approximately 30% of cells at 1.5 mM for 24 h.
Significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by 1.5 mM when pretreated with 1 mM NAC.
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Cell Line:mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells
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Concentration:0.4 and 1.5 mM (9 h incubation); 1.5 mM (with 1 mM NAC pretreatment)
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Incubation Time:9 h (0.4-1.5 mM); 30 min (NAC pretreatment) followed by 9 h (1.5 mM)
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Result:Caused a concentration-dependent reduction in Bcl-2 protein expression, while Bax protein expression remained unchanged compared to controls, resulting in a significant increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio.
Reversed the barakol-induced reduction in Bcl-2 expression and normalized the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio when pretreated with 1 mM NAC.
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Cell Line:SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
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Concentration:0.0043, 0.043, 0.43, 4.3 and 43.0 μM
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Incubation Time:8 h pretreatment; 24 h incubation with or without doxorubicin
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Result:Showed no significant effect on cell viability at all tested doses except 43.0 μM.
Significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of low-dose doxorubicin (0.5 or 1.0 μM) at all tested concentrations, reducing cell viability compared to control, doxorubicin alone, or barakol alone.
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Cell Line:SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells
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Concentration:0.043, 0.43, 4.3, and 43.0 μM
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Incubation Time:12, 24, and 36 h
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Result:Significantly inhibited cell migration at 43.0 μM after 24 h.
Significantly inhibited cell migration at 0.43 and 4.3 μM after 36 h.
Increased inhibitory effect with higher concentrations and longer incubation times.
Barakol (10 mg/kg; i.p.; single administration) produces an anxiolytic effect profile similar to that of the benzodiazepine anxiolytic Diazepam in the elevated plus maze test, but also increases exploratory behavior and spontaneous activity, and this effect is partially inhibited by co-administration of the anxiolytic Diazepam[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Wistar (male, 150-170 g)[3]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg; 25 mg/kg; 50 mg/kg; 75 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; single dose
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Result:Significantly increased all measured parameters (percentage of open:total number of arm entries and time, time spent on the end of the open arms, total arm entries, and rears per minute) compared to control at 10 mg/kg.
Increased the percentage of open:total number of arm entries and time, and significantly increased rears per minute compared to control at 25 and 50 mg/kg; these parameters were significantly reduced compared to the 10 mg/kg dose, and had no significant effect on time spent on the end of open arms or total arm entries compared to control, with these parameters also significantly reduced compared to the 10 mg/kg dose.
Significantly reduced all measured parameters compared to the 10 mg/kg dose at 75 mg/kg.
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Animal Model:Wistar (male, 150-170 g)[3]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p.; single dose
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Result:Significantly increased all measured parameters (percentage of open:total number of arm entries and time, time spent on the end of the open arms, total arm entries, and rears per minute) compared to control, unlike benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent which did not increase total arm entries or rears.
Produced a behavioural profile matching barakol alone for most parameters when benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent was administered 30 minutes before barakol, except for a marked reduction in the number of rears compared to barakol alone, and a significant increase in total arm entries compared to benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent alone.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 24506-68-1
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Molecular Weight 232.23
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Formula C13H12O4
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SMILES
OC1=CC2=C3C(OC(C)=CC(OC(C)=C2)3O)=C1
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Wongtongtair S, et al. Barakol-induced apoptosis in P19 cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspase-9. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2011 Sep 02;137(2):971-8. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wongsawatkul O, et al. Effects of barakol from Cassia siamea on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line: A potential combined therapy with doxorubicin. Heliyon. 2024 Jan 19;10(3):e24694. [Content Brief]
[3]. Thongsaard W, et al. Barakol: a potential anxiolytic extracted from Cassia siamea. Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. 1996 Mar;53(3):753-8. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Barakol Related Classifications
HY-167825 Related Classifications
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