UGT Substrate

4-Hydroxyretinoic acid (4-HRA) is a derivative of Retinoic acid (HY-14649). 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid is formed via the catalysis of retinol by cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes. 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid also serves as a substrate for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (s) and recombinant UGT2B7. 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid binds to the nuclear receptor RAR (Retinoic Acid Receptor), activates RAR and RXR-alpha, subsequently regulates gene expression and cell differentiation, and induces cancer cell apoptosis (Apoptosis). 4-Hydroxyretinoic acid also participates in multiple physiological processes such as immunoregulation, neuroprotection and antioxidation.

3-Methyl-2-nitrophenol is an acceptor substrate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and can undergo glucuronidation catalyzed by this enzyme to form glucuronide conjugates. 3-Methyl-2-nitrophenol enables the glucuronide conjugates formed by its glucuronidation reaction to eliminate the yellow color characteristic of the parent compound.

Posaconazole D-glucuronide (SCH 56592 D-glucuronide) is a glucuronide metabolite of the antifungal agent Posaconazole (HY-17373). Posaconazole D-glucuronide can be formed in human liver microsomes catalyzed by UGT1A4.