Alphitolic acid
Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) is an anti-inflammatory triterpene could found in quercus aliena. Alphitolic acid blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling to induce apoptosis. Alphitolic acid induces autophagy. Alphitolic acid has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production. Alphitolic acid can be used for cancer and inflammation research.
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- No. CAS: 19533-92-7
- Fòrmula: C30H48O4
- Peso molecular:472.70
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Almacenamiento:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Actividad biológica
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Chemical Information
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Solvente y solubilidad
- Protocolo
- Pureza y Documentación
- Referencias
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Alphitolic acid
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Actividad biológica
Descripciòn
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
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| BV-2 | IC50 |
14.5 μM
Compound: 18
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Anti-inflammatory in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pre-incubated before LPS challenge for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
Anti-inflammatory in mouse BV2 cells assessed as inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production pre-incubated before LPS challenge for 24 hrs by Griess reagent based assay
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[PMID: 28358502] |
| C3H 10T1/2 | IC50 |
145 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
Cytotoxicity against mouse C3H10T1/2 cells after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
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[PMID: 18842418] |
| DU-145 | IC50 |
70 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
Cytotoxicity against human DU145 cells after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
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[PMID: 18842418] |
| H9 | EC50 |
20 μg/mL
Compound: 16
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Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human H9 cells after 4 days
Cytotoxicity against mock-infected human H9 cells after 4 days
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[PMID: 9748372] |
| H9 | IC50 |
4 μg/mL
Compound: 16
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Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells after 4 days by p24 antigen ELISA
Antiviral activity against HIV1 3B in human H9 cells after 4 days by p24 antigen ELISA
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[PMID: 9748372] |
| HaCaT | IC50 |
42 μM
Compound: 3
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Inhibition of GLI1-mediated transcriptional activity in human HaCaT cells by luciferase based reporter gene assay
Inhibition of GLI1-mediated transcriptional activity in human HaCaT cells by luciferase based reporter gene assay
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[PMID: 18842418] |
| HepG2 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 26
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Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
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[PMID: 27617953] |
| HT-29 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
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[PMID: 30057155] |
| HT-29 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential in human HT-29 cells after 3 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay
Inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential in human HT-29 cells after 3 hrs by JC-1 staining based fluorescence assay
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[PMID: 30057155] |
| MDA-MB-231 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
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[PMID: 30057155] |
| MDA-MB-435 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-435 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-435 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
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[PMID: 30057155] |
| MDCK | CC50 |
49.9 μM
Compound: Alphitolic acid
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Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs
Cytotoxicity against MDCK cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs
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[PMID: 29394063] |
| OVCAR-3 | IC50 |
>10 μM
Compound: 5
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Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CellTiter 96 aqueous one solution assay
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[PMID: 30057155] |
| PANC-1 | IC50 |
41 μM
Compound: 3
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Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 after 24 hrs by fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay
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[PMID: 18842418] |
| PANC-1 | IC50 |
42 μM
Compound: 139
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Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells
Inhibition of Gli1-mediated transcription expressed in human PANC1 cells
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[PMID: 19309080] |
In Vitro
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) (0-30 μM; 72 hours; HSC-3, SCC2095, and SCC4 cells) has anti-proliferative activity in oral cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, induces apoptosis and blocks Akt–NF-κB signaling[1].
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) (0-25 μM; 3-72 hours; SCC4 cells) induces autophagy with increases the expression of autophagosome marker LC3B-II and two autophagyregulatory proteins[1].
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) (0-25 μM; 72 hours; SCC4 cells) increases p53 phosphorylation and expression, decreases in the expression of the oncogenic E3 ligase MDM2[1].
Alphitolic acid (Aophitolic acid) (0-25 μM; 72 hours; RAW 264.7 macrophages) has anti-inflammatory activity and down-regulates the NO and TNF-α production with IC50 values of 17.6 and 22.7 μM, respectively[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:HSC-3, SCC2095 and SCC4 cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 µM
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Incubation Time:72 hours
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Result:Suppressed the proliferation of SCC4 and SCC2095 cells with IC50 values of 12 and 15 µM, respectively.
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Cell Line:SCC4 cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 20 and 30 µM
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Incubation Time:72 hours
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Result:Increased the percentage of apoptotic cells from 11.8% to 25.1% in a dose-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:SCC4 cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 15 and 20 µM
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Incubation Time:72 hours
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Result:Decreased the expression of phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream substrates, including p70S6K, S6, and IκBα. Down-regulated the expression of NF-κB and its downstream target gene product Bcl-2.
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Cell Line:SCC4 cells
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Concentration:0, 10, 15, 20 and 25 µM
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Incubation Time:3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours
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Result:Increased autophagosome marker LC3B-II in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Increased the expression of autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7).
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Adult male CF-1 mice[3]
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Dosage:47, 94, 330, 378 and 756 µg/ear
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Administration:subcutaneous injection
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Result:Had anti-inflammatory activity with an ED50 of 0.11 and 0.20 µM in a dose-dependent.
Chemical Information
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No. CAS 19533-92-7
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Appearance Solid
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Peso molecular 472.70
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Fòrmula C30H48O4
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC([C@]12[C@@]([C@@H](CC2)C(C)=C)([H])[C@]3([H])[C@@](CC1)([C@]4([C@]([C@@]5([C@@](C(C)([C@H]([C@@H](C5)O)O)C)([H])CC4)C)([H])CC3)C)C)=O
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Synonyms
Aophitolic acid
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Envío
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Almacenamiento
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (1)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Mol Immunol
Autotaxin promotes the degradation of the mucus layer by inhibiting autophagy in mouse colitis. [Abstract]2023 Aug:160:44-54. PMID: 37356325
Solvente y solubilidad
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (105.78 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocolo
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Cotton Pellet Granuloma
Cotton pellet granuloma is a classical in vivo chronic inflammation model used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of test substances by measuring their ability to inhibit granuloma tissue formation around an implanted foreign body (cotton pellet) in rodents. The method is based on the biological response to a sterile implanted material, which induces proliferative phase inflammation characterized by fibroblast proliferation and collagen-rich granuloma formation, and the final readout reflects the extent of chronic inflammatory tissue growth surrounding the pellet. In multiple preclinical pharmacological evaluations, inhibition of cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation has been used as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity in both synthetic and natural product screening contexts.
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Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema
Carrageenan-induced paw edema is an acute inflammation model in which intraplantar injection of carrageenan induces localized inflammatory swelling characterized by vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines, making it widely used to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents in vivo. The resulting paw volume or thickness increase is quantified over time as a direct readout of inflammatory intensity and drug efficacy, typically reflecting cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin-driven edema formation and immune cell recruitment in peripheral tissue[20].
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Autophagy
Autophagy is a process in which eukaryotic cells use lysosomes to degrade their own cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles under the regulation of autophagy related gene (Atg). Microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3 (LC3) is recognized as autophagy marker, which transfers from cytoplasmic LC3 (LC3-I) to membrane type (LC3-II). LC3-II/I ratio could be detected by Western Blot and fluorescence microscopy.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining
Lysosome and acidic-vesicle live-cell staining detects acidic intracellular compartments by using membrane-permeant acidotropic probes that accumulate in low-pH vesicles, including lysosomes, late endosomes, autolysosomes, and acidic phagosomes. LysoTracker staining is commonly used as an intensity-based readout of acidic lysosomal compartment abundance or enlargement, while acridine orange produces green fluorescence in less concentrated compartments and red fluorescence after concentration-dependent accumulation in acidic vesicular organelles. Loss or reduction of acridine-orange red signal can be used as a readout of lysosomal membrane permeabilization or reduced acidic-vesicle integrity. This protocol is designed for live cultured cells and can be adapted for fluorescence microscopy, high-content imaging, plate-reader readout, or flow cytometry when the selected literature supports the readout. Because these dyes report acidotropic accumulation rather than lysosome identity alone,
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Macroautophagy Solutions
Macroautophagy is a conserved lysosome-dependent degradation pathway in which cytoplasmic material is sequestered into double-membrane autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. The pathway supports cellular homeostasis during nutrient limitation, organelle stress, protein-aggregate accumulation, infection, differentiation, and tissue remodeling by coupling cargo sequestration, autophagosome maturation, lysosomal fusion, and degradation of cargo-derived macromolecules. The core molecular sequence includes initiation by nutrient- and stress-regulated autophagy machinery, autophagosome nucleation, LC3/ATG8-family conjugation to autophagosomal membranes, cargo selection through receptors such as SQSTM1/p62, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and lysosomal degradation. LC3 was identified as a mammalian homolog of yeast Atg8 that localizes to autophagosomal membranes after processing, and p62/SQSTM1 was shown to connect ubiquitinated cargo with autophagic degradati
Pureza y Documentación
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Ficha de datos (283 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
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Instrucciones de manejo (2659 KB)
Referencias
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.1155 mL | 10.5775 mL | 21.1551 mL | 52.8877 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4231 mL | 2.1155 mL | 4.2310 mL | 10.5775 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2116 mL | 1.0578 mL | 2.1155 mL | 5.2888 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1410 mL | 0.7052 mL | 1.4103 mL | 3.5258 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1058 mL | 0.5289 mL | 1.0578 mL | 2.6444 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0846 mL | 0.4231 mL | 0.8462 mL | 2.1155 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0705 mL | 0.3526 mL | 0.7052 mL | 1.7629 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0529 mL | 0.2644 mL | 0.5289 mL | 1.3222 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0423 mL | 0.2116 mL | 0.4231 mL | 1.0578 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0353 mL | 0.1763 mL | 0.3526 mL | 0.8815 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0264 mL | 0.1322 mL | 0.2644 mL | 0.6611 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0212 mL | 0.1058 mL | 0.2116 mL | 0.5289 mL |
Alphitolic acid Related Classifications
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