TIMP-2

TIMP-2 is the only tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases that combines MMP inhibition with a pro-activation function. Its N-terminal domain blocks active MMPs, while at low concentrations the C-terminal domain engages the hemopexin region of proMMP-2 on the surface of membrane-type MMP-14, triggering proMMP-2 activation; higher TIMP-2 levels instead shut the process down. Uniquely among TIMPs it is essentially non-glycosylated. TIMP-2 also binds alpha3beta1 integrin, and its isolated C-terminal domain is anti-angiogenic, suppressing endothelial proliferation independently of MMP inhibition. These dual roles make recombinant TIMP-2 indispensable for studying MT1-MMP-dependent activation, angiogenesis and tumor invasion.