Cat. No.: HY-N1775

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone

(Synonyms: 3,4-DHAP)

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3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is a phenolic compound with oral bioavailability, possessing potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and cardiovascular protective activities. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone inhibits mushroom Tyrosinase activity with an IC₅₀ of 10 μM, thereby suppressing melanogenesis. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone inhibits platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone reduces ROS levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with high glucose, upregulates the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and PARP-1 in cells, and promotes the nuclear translocation of Nrf2. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone induces autophagy and apoptosis. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone inhibits seed germination/growth in most plants. 3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone can be used in the research of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, obesity, skin pigmentation disorders, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.87%
CAS No.: 1197-09-7
Formula: C₈H₈O₃
Molecular Weight:152.15

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1197-09-7

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- Parmacokinetics
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

IC50: 10 μM (Tyrosinase)^[1].

All PARP Isoforms :

In Vitro

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) potently inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity with an IC₅₀ of 10 μM^[2].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (10-200 μM; 24 h) dose-dependently inhibits tyrosinase activity in α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells, with significant inhibition starting at 10 μM after 24 h of treatment^[2].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3 min pre-incubation; 5 min aggregation monitoring) potently inhibits ADP-stimulated platelet aggregation in rabbit PRP with an IC₅₀ of 99.22 µmol/l^[3].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (1-100 µmol/l; 6 h) increases viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 10 µmol/l, while higher and lower concentrations reduce viability, and 10 µmol/l protects cells against high glucose-induced viability loss^[5].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (10 µmol/l; 6 h) significantly reduces reactive oxygen species levels in high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells^[5].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (10 µmol/l; 6 h) significantly increases the LC3-II/LC3-I protein ratio, indicating enhanced autophagy, in high glucose-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells^[5].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (0.1-10 mM; up to 21 days) dose-dependently inhibits Picea schrenkiana seed germination rate and vigor, with significant inhibition starting at 2.5 mM for germination rate and 1 mM for germination vigor, and complete elimination of vigor at 10 mM^[6].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (0.1-10 mM; up to 14 days) does not inhibit Oryza sativa seed germination rate, but significantly promotes germination vigor at 1, 2.5, and 10 mM^[6].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (0.1-10 mM; up to 30 days) dose-dependently inhibits Picea schrenkiana seedling shoot length, root length, and fresh weight, with significant inhibition starting at 5 mM for shoot length, 2.5 mM for root length and fresh weight^[6].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (0.1-10 mM; up to 10 days) dose-dependently inhibits Triticum aestivum seedling shoot length and root length (significant at 5 mM and 2.5 mM, respectively) and exhibits hormetic effects on fresh weight, promoting growth at 0.5 mM and inhibiting it at 2.5 mM and higher^[6].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) (0.1-10 mM; up to 10 days) dose-dependently inhibits seedling root growth of Latuca sativa, Oryza sativa, Raphanus sativus, Cucumis sativus, and Phaseolus radiatus, with significant inhibition starting at concentrations ranging from 0.5 mM to 2.5 mM; it also promotes Raphanus sativus shoot growth at 10 mM^[6].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

α-MSH-stimulated B16 melanoma cells
Concentration:

10, 50, and 250 μM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Suppressed the amount of tyrosinase protein in α-MSH-stimulated B16 cells.

Cell Viability Assay^[5]

Cell Line:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration:

1, 10, 20, 50, 100 µM
Incubation Time:

6 h (pretreated prior to 12 h high glucose exposure; variable for viability assessment)
Result:

Increased HUVEC viability significantly compared to the control group at 10 µmol/l.
Reduced cell viability at 1, 20, 50 µM and 100 µM.
Increased cell viability significantly compared to the high glucose group at 10 µM.

Western Blot Analysis^[5]

Cell Line:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration:

10 µM
Incubation Time:

6 h (pretreated prior to 12 h high glucose exposure)
Result:

Increased total Nrf2 protein expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.\n
Increased nuclear Nrf2 protein expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.\n
Increased HO-1 protein expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.\n
Increased the LC3-II/LC3-I protein ratio significantly compared to the high glucose group.\n
Increased PARP-1 protein expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.

Real Time qPCR^[5]

Cell Line:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration:

10 µM
Incubation Time:

6 h (pretreated prior to 12 h high glucose exposure)
Result:

Increased Nrf2 mRNA expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.
Increased HO-1 mRNA expression significantly compared to the high glucose group.

Immunofluorescence^[5]

Cell Line:

human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)
Concentration:

10 µM
Incubation Time:

6 h (pretreated prior to 12 h high glucose exposure)
Result:

Increased nuclear Nrf2 fluorescence intensity significantly compared to the high glucose group.

Parmacokinetics

Species	Dose	Route	T_1/2	CL/F	AUC_0-t	AUC_0-∞	MRT_0-t	T_1/2 (Absorption)	Bioavailability
Rat^[3]	0.20 mM	i.v.	0.15 h	2.30 L/h/kg	66.32 μM/L·h	87.48 μM/L·h	0.22 h	/	/
Rat^[3]	0.39 mM	i.m.	0.16 h	3.121 L/h/kg	124.22 μM/L·h	129.94 μM/L·h	0.46 h	0.14 h	93.81 %
Rat^[3]	0.79 mM	i.g.	0.16 h	17.39 L/h/kg	47.78 μM/L·h	48.64 μM/L·h	0.38 h	0.06 h	18.01 %

In Vivo

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (0.79 mM/kg; p.o.; single administration) exerts rapid and significant antiplatelet aggregation activity in healthy Wistar rats, but its activity decreases sharply at 40 min post-administration^[3].
3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone (10 mg/kg; p.o.; daily; 8 weeks) improves endothelial function in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity, as evidenced by enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation, upregulated activity of the eNOS-NO pathway, reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and improved lipid metabolism markers^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

Wistar rats (male/female, 250-300 g)^[3]
Dosage:

0.79 mmol/kg
Administration:

i.g.; single dose
Result:

Significantly inhibited platelet aggregation compared to vehicle controls at 10 minutes post-administration (P=0.003).
Showed significantly reduced antiplatelet aggregation activity at 40 minutes post-administration compared to 10 minutes post-administration (P=0.003).

Animal Model:

Wistar (male, 6 weeks old, high-fat diet-induced obesity)^[4]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg
Administration:

p.o.; daily; 8 weeks
Result:

Reduced plasma triglycerides, free fatty acids, serum tumor necrosis factor-α, and malondialdehyde.
Increased serum adiponectin.
Enhanced acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.
Increased eNOS activity and NO production in endothelial cells.
Reduced NF-kB positive cells in the aorta.
Decreased superoxide anion production in the aorta.
Did not reduce body weight, visceral fat mass, or plasma insulin levels in obese rats.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1197-09-7
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 152.15
Formula C₈H₈O₃
Color Light brown to brown
SMILES

CC(C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1)=O
Synonyms

3,4-DHAP
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (328.62 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.5725 mL

32.8623 mL

65.7246 mL

5 mM

1.3145 mL

6.5725 mL

13.1449 mL

10 mM

0.6572 mL

3.2862 mL

6.5725 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (16.43 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (286 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Wang W, et al. Synthesis and Health Effects of Phenolic Compounds: A Focus on Tyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol, and 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone. Antioxidants (Basel). 2025;14(4):476. Published 2025 Apr 16. [Content Brief]

[2]. Kim YJ, et al. Antimelanogenic activity of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone: inhibition of tyrosinase and MITF. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2006;70(2):532-534. [Content Brief]

[3]. Sun N, et al. Synthesis, oral bioavailability evaluation and antiplatelet aggregation activity of three derivatives of 3,4‑dihydroxyacetophenone. Int J Mol Med. 2020;45(3):919-930. [Content Brief]

[4]. Hui Z, et al. Effect of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone on endothelial dysfunction in obese rats. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(8):1149-1154. [Content Brief]

[5]. Cao D, et al. 3,4‑Dihydroxyacetophenone attenuates oxidative stress‑induced damage to HUVECs via regulation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2022;25(6):199. [Content Brief]

[6]. Ruan X, et al. Autotoxicity and allelopathy of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone isolated from Picea schrenkiana needles. Molecules. 2011;16(10):8874-8893. Published 2011 Oct 24. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	6.5725 mL	32.8623 mL	65.7246 mL	164.3115 mL
	5 mM	1.3145 mL	6.5725 mL	13.1449 mL	32.8623 mL
	10 mM	0.6572 mL	3.2862 mL	6.5725 mL	16.4312 mL
	15 mM	0.4382 mL	2.1908 mL	4.3816 mL	10.9541 mL
	20 mM	0.3286 mL	1.6431 mL	3.2862 mL	8.2156 mL
	25 mM	0.2629 mL	1.3145 mL	2.6290 mL	6.5725 mL
	30 mM	0.2191 mL	1.0954 mL	2.1908 mL	5.4771 mL
	40 mM	0.1643 mL	0.8216 mL	1.6431 mL	4.1078 mL
	50 mM	0.1314 mL	0.6572 mL	1.3145 mL	3.2862 mL
	60 mM	0.1095 mL	0.5477 mL	1.0954 mL	2.7385 mL
	80 mM	0.0822 mL	0.4108 mL	0.8216 mL	2.0539 mL
	100 mM	0.0657 mL	0.3286 mL	0.6572 mL	1.6431 mL

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3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone

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All PARP Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

3',4'-Dihydroxyacetophenone Related Classifications

HY-N1775 Related Classifications