Hapten

Dicamba is a herbicide. Dicamba is currently used in agriculture and gardening to control the growth of different unwanted vegetable species, mainly in cereal grain crops, but also on sugar cane and soybeans, among others. Dicambais induces significant DNA damage. Dicambais induces genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.

Isoeugenol is an essential oil constituent of nutmeg, clove, and cinnamon. Isoeugenol inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua with MICs of 0.6 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively.

Bifenthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide. Bifenthrin prolongs the opening time of Nav1.8 sodium channels, leading to membrane depolarization and conductance block in the insect nervous system, thereby disrupting neural function. Bifenthrin was effective in inhibiting A. gambiae (LD₅₀=0.15 ng/mg) and C. quinquefasciatus (LD₅₀=0.16 ng/mg). Bifenthrin has good lethality against susceptible and resistant mosquitoes and is very effective in inhibiting blood sucking and can be developed as a mosquito-removal netting material.

Leukotriene C4 is a eicosanoid lipid mediator and produced by immune cells during type 2 inflammation. Leukotriene C4 can mediate inflammation,allergy, bronchoconstriction, and vascular leakage.

Phenolphthalein is an acid-base indicator that is colorless in an acidic environment and pink in an alkaline environment. Phenolphthalein is genotoxic and potentially carcinogenic to mice. In addition, phenolphthalein is also a blood indicator.

Cinnamyl Alcohol is an active component from chestnut flower, inhibits increased PPARγ expression, exhibits anti-obesity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

CFL-137 is a potent KRas^G12C inhibitor. CFL-137 shows an antiproliferative effect. CFL-137 shows anticancer activity. CFL-137 has the potential for the research of lung cancer.

Coenzyme FO, a deazaflavin chromophore, acts as an important hydride acceptor/donor in the central methanogenic pathway.

(R)-Ofloxacin is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of Ofloxacin (HY-B0125) and is an orally effective fluoroquinolone antibiotic. (R)-Ofloxacin can inhibit the activity of bacterial DNA topoisomerase II, interfere with bacterial DNA replication and repair, and exert a bactericidal effect. (R)-Ofloxacin has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and has inhibitory effects on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.

Phytanic acid is an endogenous metabolite present in Blood that can be used for the research of Zellweger Syndrome, Alpha Methylacyl CoA Racemase Deficiency, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata and Infantile Refsum Disease.

2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS; DNBSO) sodium salt (Sodium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate) is a classic colitis inducer that relies on activation of the NF-κB p65/COX-2/p38 pathway. As a hapten, 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt stimulates the production of immune responses in colonic tissues, triggers oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, and thereby leads to colonic injury. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt successfully induces models of colitis and ulcerative colitis in rats, causing pathological changes such as ulcers, edema, stenosis, shortening and organ adhesion in the distal colon, along with significant increases in the levels of inflammatory indicators and endoplasmic reticulum stress marker proteins. 2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is widely used in studies on the mechanisms related to colitis and ulcerative colitis.

Lilial is a widely used synthetic fragrance and ester in consumer products. Lilial possesses estrogenic activity in vitro. Lilial can induce a toxic effect on mitochondria that causes a decrease in the viability of HaCaT cells. Lilial can increase NRF2 protein level in vitro. Lilial is able to target respiratory chain complexes, inhibit complexes I and II of the electron transport chain, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and decrease the level of intracellular ATP. Lilial can induce systemic toxicity in vivo. Lilial induces significant DNA strand breaks.

1-Adamantaneethanol is an allele-selective MHC II class molecule loading enhancer (MHC loading enhancer, MLE) that enhances peptide loading and ligand exchange of HLA-DR molecules. 1-Adamantaneethanol targets the polymorphic P1 pocket of HLA-DR molecules and preferentially acts on HLA-DR subtypes with Gly at position β86, thereby stabilizing the peptide-receptor conformation and accelerating antigen loading. 1-Adamantaneethanol can be used in studies related to MHC II antigen presentation, peptide vaccines, adaptive immunity and tumor immunity.

Lacto-N-fucopentaose II (LNFP II) is a sialyl-Lewis, hapten of human Lewis bloodgroup determinant. Lacto-N-fucopentaose II monosialo-ganglioside/glycolipid and sialyl derivative, CA 19-9, is a molecular tumour markers (TM) for biliopancreatic malignancy.

3-Formylsalicylic acid is a noncompetitive estrone sulfatase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 0.15 mM, a K_i value of 0.12 mM. 3-Formylsalicylic acid shows a low acute toxicity.

N-Phthaloyl-β-alanine (hapten FP) is an FX-type hapten without CH2S moiety. N-Phthaloyl-β-alanine can be coupled to OVA using the mixed anhydride method. N-Phthaloyl-β-alanine has more heterologies.

Hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde is a hapten probe.

DB28 is a novel MR1 ligand. DB28 decreases cell surface expression of MR1 and competitively inhibits activation of MAIT cells by agonist ligands.

3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid is found in herbs and spices. 3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)propanoic acid is a constituent of Piper longum (long pepper) and Piper retrofractum (Javanese long pepper).

Photolumazine III (PLIII) is a microbial metabolite and derivative of Riboflavin (HY-B0456). Photolumazine III binds MR1 with high specificity. Photolumazine III supports efficient TCR binding. Photolumazine III acts as an antigen to activate cells. Responses to Photolumazine III trigger immune reactions.