Topics

Physiological Mechanisms of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease

Psychological stress becomes cardiovascularly relevant when repeated or sustained exposure produces physiological responses that exceed adaptive recovery.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD)

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly grouped under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, identifies hepatic steatosis in a metabolic-risk context.

Mechanisms Linking Autoimmunity to Cardiovascular Disease

Autoimmunity increases cardiovascular risk through immune mechanisms that overlap with, but are not explained by, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other conventional risk factors.

Hypoxia and Cardiovascular Diseases

Hypoxia is a reduction in tissue oxygen availability below physiological demand, and it is both a consequence and a driver of cardiovascular disease.

Sex Hormones and Cardiovascular Health

Sex hormones regulate cardiovascular and metabolic physiology in both women and men, but their effects depend on concentration, receptor distribution, age, tissue, and clinical context.

Mechanisms of Inflammageing and Cardiovascular Diseases

Inflammageing is persistent, low-grade inflammation that develops with age and increases vulnerability to cardiovascular disease, frailty, disability, and multimorbidity.

PANoptosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

PANoptosis is an inflammatory lytic cell-death program in which pyroptotic, apoptotic, and necroptotic machinery is coordinated within a PANoptosome.

High Lipoprotein and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Elevated lipoprotein-related cardiovascular risk is driven primarily by atherogenic particles rather than by total cholesterol alone.

Muscarinic Drugs: Research and Development Progress and Applications

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate central and peripheral cholinergic signaling.

Signal Input and Output Mechanisms of the Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex transforms distributed sensory, thalamic, subcortical, and intracortical input into perception, action, cognition, and descending output.

Principles and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Brain Injury

Artificial intelligence is being developed to predict traumatic brain injury lesions, deterioration, mortality, and long-term functional outcome from heterogeneous clinical data.

The Respiratory Cycle: A "Metronome" for Neuronal Activity

Breathing is both a life-sustaining motor program and a recurrent timing signal for the brain.

Bidirectional, multi-level communication between the heart and the brain

The brain-heart axis is the set of anatomical and functional connections through which neural and cardiovascular systems jointly regulate physiological, cognitive, and emotional states.

The glutamate life cycle: assembly, regulation, and synaptic diversity

The glutamate life cycle couples neurotransmission to cellular metabolism.

Key regulators of brain development, function, and disease

Brain development depends on precisely timed gene expression, cell production, migration, circuit assembly, metabolic adaptation, and synaptic plasticity.

Neural and immune systems co-orchestrate cognition and behavior

Neural and immune systems form a bidirectional regulatory network that shapes cognition, affect, arousal, sleep, social behavior, and responses to stress or infection.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems to reverse neurodegenerative diseases

Deep brain stimulation is an implantable, circuit-based neuromodulation therapy in which an intracranial electrode, extension lead, and pulse generator deliver adjustable electrical stimulation.

Multimodal approaches to identifying electrophysiological cell types

Electrophysiological cell typing seeks reproducible biological classes whose electrical behavior can be connected to morphology, molecular identity, anatomical position, connectivity, and function.

Molecular and cellular dysfunction in Down syndrome

Down syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 and produces developmental, neurological, immune, metabolic, and hematological abnormalities.

Prefrontal synaptic regulation of sleep pressure

Homeostatic sleep pressure is the drive that accumulates during wakefulness, promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep, and dissipates during sleep.

Specific Biomarkers for Prefrontal Cortex Injury

Biomarkers for prefrontal cortex injury should confirm tissue damage, localize the injury to the prefrontal region or its associated networks, reflect biological severity or recovery status, and provide information beyond that obtained from symptoms and routine examinations.

Single-Cell and Spatial Multi-omics: Methods and Translational Applications

Single-cell omics resolves molecular measurements cell by cell, while spatial omics retains the position of those measurements within tissue.

3D Brain Organoids: A Core Model for Deciphering the Brain

Three-dimensional brain organoids are self-organizing neural tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells that reproduce selected cellular and architectural features of developing brain regions.

Brain-Computer Interfaces and Neuromodulation

A brain-computer interface (BCI) records neural activity and converts selected patterns into commands for communication or device control without relying on the usual peripheral motor pathway.

NSCLC Therapies: Progress And Challenges

NSCLC therapies have moved from broadly applied platinum chemotherapy toward biomarker-directed targeted therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, perioperative immunotherapy, and molecularly selected relapse treatment.

Cancer Stemness: Hallmarks And Plasticity

Cancer stemness describes a tumor-cell state marked by self-renewal, tumor initiation, differentiation capacity, therapeutic resistance, and plastic transitions between stem-like and non-stem-like phenotypes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Cancer

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in cancer describes the disruption of ER proteostasis that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR).

Mechanical Memory And Cancer Metastasis

Mechanical memory in cancer metastasis describes the persistence of mechanically induced cellular states after tumor cells leave one physical microenvironment and enter another.

Cancer Glycoproteomics And N-Glycosylation

Cancer glycoproteomics and N-glycosylation describe the system-wide analysis of glycoproteins, glycan structures, glycosylation sites, and disease-associated protein modifications in cancer.

Activatable Fluorescence Probes For Cancer Imaging

Activatable fluorescence probes for cancer imaging are optical molecular probes designed to remain weakly fluorescent until they encounter tumor-associated triggers such as enzymes, acidic pH, receptor-mediated internalization, or protease activity.

Cancer Biomarkers In Precision Oncology

Cancer biomarkers in precision oncology are measurable tumor or host features that guide diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, response monitoring, and resistance assessment.

Cancer Phototherapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, And Innovations

Cancer phototherapy uses light-activated agents or optical energy to destroy malignant tissue through localized chemical, thermal, or immune-mediated damage.

ncRNA-Derived Micropeptides In Cancer

ncRNA-derived micropeptides are short peptides translated from small open reading frames concealed in transcripts once annotated as noncoding RNAs, especially long noncoding RNAs and circular RNAs.

Cancer Immune Evasion: The "Three Cs" Model

Cancer immune evasion describes the capacity of malignant cells to avoid immune recognition, resist immune elimination, and establish progressive disease despite antitumor immunity.

MDSCs In Cancer Immunity And Therapy

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are pathologically activated myeloid cells with potent immunosuppressive activity, and cancer studies place them among the major cellular barriers to antitumor immunity.

CAF (Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts) Functions & Therapy

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are activated stromal fibroblasts within the tumor microenvironment that regulate cancer progression through extracellular matrix deposition and remodeling, reciprocal signaling with cancer cells, and crosstalk with infiltrating leukocytes.

lncRNAs In Cancer Epigenetics And Therapy

Long non-coding RNAs are widely expressed regulators of gene expression, and cancer research has placed them at the intersection of epigenetics, chromatin biology, tumor progression, and therapy.

Cancer Stem Cells In Therapy And Resistance

Cancer stem cells are tumor cells defined experimentally by self-renewal, tumor initiation, and the capacity to generate heterogeneous cancer cell lineages.

Therapeutic Antibodies For Targeted Cancer Therapy

Therapeutic antibodies for targeted cancer therapy are engineered proteins that bind tumor antigens, immune checkpoints, or stromal regulators to block oncogenic signaling, recruit immune effector functions, or deliver cytotoxic payloads.

The Uncertain Role Of Lactylation In Tumorigenesis

Lactylation links lactate metabolism to lysine post-translational modification, and its uncertain role in tumorigenesis reflects a field that has grown rapidly since histone lactylation was reported as a lactate-derived chromatin mark that stimulates gene transcription.

Nanotheranostics For Cancer: Integrating Diagnosis And Therapy

Nanotheranostics for cancer integrates diagnosis and therapy in one nanoscale platform to detect tumors, deliver treatment, monitor drug distribution, and assess therapeutic response.

Copper Metabolism And Cancer Therapy

Copper metabolism and cancer therapy focus on how tumors exploit copper homeostasis to support proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant defense, and drug resistance.

The Role Of The Epigenome In Cancer Metastasis

The epigenome regulates cancer metastasis by creating stable but reversible gene-expression states that allow tumor cells to invade, disseminate, survive, remain dormant, and colonize distant organs.

Microbial Immunotherapy Enhances Anti-tumor Immunity

Microbial immunotherapy enhances anti-tumor immunity by using gut, mucosal, or intratumoral microbes and microbial products to reshape host immune responses and improve cancer treatment.

Tumor-immune-brain Closed Circuit In Cancer Cachexia

Tumor-immune-brain closed circuit in cancer cachexia describes a reciprocal regulatory loop in which tumor signals activate immune mediators, immune mediators reach or signal to the brain, and brain outputs reshape appetite, motivation, energy expenditure, peripheral wasting, and tumor microenvironment activity.

Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway And Cancer

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a conserved pathway that regulates embryonic development, cell fate, tissue formation, proliferation, and stem-cell programs.

Cellular Senescence In Aging And Cancer

Cellular senescence in aging and cancer describes a stable cell-cycle arrest triggered by stress, damage, oncogene activation, or therapy.

Tumor BacteriomeAnd Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapies, And Challenges

Tumor bacteriome research examines bacteria that reside within tumor tissues, tumor cells, immune cells, stroma, or adjacent microbial niches and influence cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic response.

Tumor MycobiomeAnd Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapies, And Challenges

Tumor mycobiome research examines fungi within gut, oral, mucosal, and intratumoral microbiomes and their influence on cancer initiation, progression, immune regulation, and treatment response.

Targeted Protein Degradation

Targeted protein degradation is a therapeutic strategy that eliminates disease-associated proteins instead of only inhibiting their activity.