NSC 23766 trihydrochloride
Based on 54 publication(s) in Google Scholar
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride is an inhibitor of Rac1 activation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.41%
- CAS No.: 1177865-17-6
- Formula: C24H38Cl3N7
- Molecular Weight:530.96
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) NSC 23766 trihydrochloride
More- Nature. 2026 Jun;654(8118):495-503. [Abstract]
- Nat Immunol. 2025 Aug;26(8):1258-1266. [Abstract]
- Nat Metab. 2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. [Abstract]
- Bioact Mater. 2021 Jun 1:7:364-376. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Apr 27;17(1):5753. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Aug 5;16(1):7190. [Abstract]
- J Extracell Vesicles. 2026 Mar;15(3):e70248. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026 Mar;13(14):e18417. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2021 Mar 8;8(10):2004000. [Abstract]
- Exp Mol Med. 2025 Feb;57(1):86-103. [Abstract]
- Sci Adv. 2025 Oct 24;11(43):eads9181. [Abstract]
- Microsyst Nanoeng. 2024 Jul 15:10:97. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2022 Feb 17;13(2):158. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2024 Aug 27:134:155986. [Abstract]
- Oncogene. 2026 Jun 19. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2025 Oct 15;6(10).
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 6;44(12):116649. [Abstract]
- Arch Toxicol. 2022 Nov;96(11):2913-2926. [Abstract]
- Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. [Abstract]
- Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024 Dec 27;82(1):28. [Abstract]
- J Agric Food Chem. 2021 Nov 3;69(43):12862-12869. [Abstract]
- Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 2;12:686846. [Abstract]
- Food Funct. 2021 Jan 7;12(1):154-161. [Abstract]
- Commun Biol. 2026 Feb 9;9(1):194. [Abstract]
- Glia. 2023 Aug;71(8):1985-2004. [Abstract]
- CNS Neurosci Ther. 2021 May;27(5):564-576. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Apr:117:110014. [Abstract]
- Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2022 Mar 1;322(3):C496-C507. [Abstract]
- Poult Sci. 2024 Jun;103(6):103717. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024 Mar 18;1870(4):167124. [Abstract]
- J Cell Mol Med. 2020 Mar;24(6):3582-3592. [Abstract]
- Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2021;19:1933-1943. [Abstract]
- J Cell Commun Signal. 2023 Sep;17(3):723-736. [Abstract]
- Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Oct:129:22-29. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2026 Apr 27:e0035826. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2025 Aug 25:e0022125. [Abstract]
- J Virol. 2024 Dec 31:e0140824. [Abstract]
- Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2022 Sep 15:555:111719. [Abstract]
- Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Feb:148:111926. [Abstract]
- BMC Cancer. 2025 May 28;25(1):956. [Abstract]
- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters. 2025 Aug 22.
- J Inorg Biochem. 2022 Apr 20;233:111838. [Abstract]
- J Inorg Biochem. 2022 Apr:229:111725. [Abstract]
- Mol Immunol. 2022 Mar:143:135-146. [Abstract]
- Cell Immunol. 2024 Jun 17:401-402:104843. [Abstract]
- Vet Microbiol. 2022 Jun;269:109434. [Abstract]
- Virology. 2024 Dec:600:110233. [Abstract]
- Exp Ther Med. 2022 Jun 7;24(2):496. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Dec 31:793:153032. [Abstract]
- Biol Pharm Bull. 2021 Sep 1;44(9):1263-1271. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 January 14.
- Preprints. 2024 Aug 27.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Sep 1.
- Research Square Preprint. 2020 Jul.
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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In Vivo Imaging
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IHC
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
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Bio/Physico-chemical Assay
Biological Activity
NSC 23766 (100 μM) treatment effectively inhibits polar body emission in a dose-dependent manner. NSC 23766 (200 μM) increases the percentage of morphologically abnormal spindles of oocytes. In NSC 23766-treated oocytes, the p-MAPK protein expression is significantly decreased[2]. NSC23766 (50 μM) plus 100 ng/mL Jagged1, GDF9 and BMP15, reduces the number of germLine cell cysts and increases the number of primordial follicles[3]. NSC23766 significantly inhibits GTP-Rac1 activity and phosphorylation of Rac1-PAK, ERKs and p38 MAPK in the spinal dorsal horn neurons[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 1177865-17-6
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 530.96
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Formula C24H38Cl3N7
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Color White to khaki
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SMILES
NC1=CC(C)=NC2=CC=C(NC3=NC(NC(C)CCCN(CC)CC)=NC(C)=C3)C=C12.[H]Cl.[H]Cl.[H]Cl
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Publications (54)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2026 Jun;654(8118):495-503. PMID: 42056510 -
Nat Immunol
2025 Aug;26(8):1258-1266. PMID: 40664976 -
Nat Metab
Metabolic enzyme LDHA activates Rac1 GTPase as a noncanonical mechanism to promote cancer. [Abstract]2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. PMID: 36536137
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. [Abstract]
NSC23766 (NSC; 1.5 mg/kg/day; i.p.) in combination with FX11(1 mg/kg/day; i.p.) for 2-3 weeks. The combination treatment displayed a much more pronounced inhibitory effect on lung metastasis of Hs578T cells than the single inhibitor treatment.
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. [Abstract]
NSC23766 (NSC; 1.5 mg/kg/day; i.p.). The combination treatment displayed a much more pronounced inhibitory effect on lung metastasis of mammary tumors of MMTV-PyMT mice than the single inhibitor treatment.
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Metab. 2022 Dec;4(12):1830-1846. [Abstract]
NSC23766 (NSC; 1.5 mg/kg/day; i.p.). The combination treatment displayed a much more pronounced inhibitory effect on the growth of mammary tumors of MMTV-PyMT mice than the single inhibitor treatment.
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Bioact Mater
2021 Jun 1:7:364-376. PMID: 34466738 -
Nat Commun
Histone methylation defines c-Jun/Sox2/Hif1α axis that controls stemness and tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27;17(1):5753. PMID: 42045185 -
Nat Commun
Promoting implant osseointegration via the osteoblast-selective β-amino acid polymer strategy. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5;16(1):7190. PMID: 40764473 -
J Extracell Vesicles
Neuronal Extracellular Vesicles Carrying APOE Downregulate Filament Actin Polymerization Signaling to Inhibit Synapse Formation in Alzheimer's Disease. [Abstract]2026 Mar;15(3):e70248. PMID: 41806350 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
SIRT5-RAC2 Axis Drives Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation to Promote Inflammatory Injury in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. [Abstract]2026 Mar;13(14):e18417. PMID: 41498691 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
The Dynamic Counterbalance of RAC1-YAP/OB-Cadherin Coordinates Tissue Spreading with Stem Cell Fate Patterning. [Abstract]2021 Mar 8;8(10):2004000. PMID: 34026448 -
Exp Mol Med
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK5 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and BMP2-induced bone regeneration via the MKK3/6 and p38 signaling pathways. [Abstract]2025 Feb;57(1):86-103. PMID: 39741184 -
Sci Adv
The chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is essential for microglial morphodynamics and neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2025 Oct 24;11(43):eads9181. PMID: 41124273 -
Microsyst Nanoeng
2024 Jul 15:10:97. PMID: 39015940 -
Cell Death Dis
Targeting CCL2-CCR4 axis suppress cell migration of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [Abstract]2022 Feb 17;13(2):158. PMID: 35177591 -
Phytomedicine
Effects of the oxoaporphine alkaloid hernandonine on dengue virus. Evidence for its mechanisms of action. [Abstract]2024 Aug 27:134:155986. PMID: 39232285 -
Oncogene
Early induction of the Rho-GEF ECT2 drives MEK/ERK oncogenic signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [Abstract]2026 Jun 19. PMID: 42321532 -
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Cell Rep
Context-dependent inhibitory roles of RhoA in 3D invasive cell migration within the extracellular matrix. [Abstract]2025 Dec 6;44(12):116649. PMID: 41359424
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 6;44(12):116649. [Abstract]
Single WT and RHOA-KO HEK293 cells were seeded in Geltrex and cultured for 4 days in the presence of 10 μM NSC-23766.
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Arch Toxicol
CuO-NPs-triggered heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury in chicks by promoting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. [Abstract]2022 Nov;96(11):2913-2926. PMID: 35962800 -
Arch Toxicol
Chicken heterophils extracellular traps act as early effectors against cyclopiazonic acid dependent upon NADPH oxidase, ROS and glycolysis. [Abstract]2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. PMID: 35508807
NSC 23766 trihydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Arch Toxicol. 2022 Jul;96(7):2113-2122. [Abstract]
Effect of glucose glycolysis on HETs induced by CPA. Heterophils were intervened with specific inhibitors NSC23766 (200 μM) for 30 min, then incubated for 90 min with CPA. HETs formation was quantified with PicoGreen.
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Cell Mol Life Sci
HFM1 is essential for the germ cell intercellular bridge transport in primordial follicle formation in mice. [Abstract]2024 Dec 27;82(1):28. PMID: 39725823 -
J Agric Food Chem
Glycolysis and Reactive Oxygen Species Production Participate in T-2 Toxin-Stimulated Chicken Heterophil Extracellular Traps. [Abstract]2021 Nov 3;69(43):12862-12869. PMID: 34694797 -
Front Immunol
Mannose Receptor Mediates the Activation of Chitooligosaccharides on Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala) Macrophages. [Abstract]2021 Aug 2;12:686846. PMID: 34408745 -
Food Funct
β-Conglycinin induces the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps dependent on NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, PAD4, ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways in mice. [Abstract]2021 Jan 7;12(1):154-161. PMID: 33289753 -
Commun Biol
Wnt11 mediates fibroblast-smooth muscle cell interaction to promote neurogenic bladder fibrosis in rats. [Abstract]2026 Feb 9;9(1):194. PMID: 41663583 -
Glia
Celsr2-mediated morphological polarization and functional phenotype of reactive astrocytes in neural repair. [Abstract]2023 Aug;71(8):1985-2004. PMID: 37186402 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
Exosomes containing miR-451a is involved in the protective effect of cerebral ischemic preconditioning against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2021 May;27(5):564-576. PMID: 33533575 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Activation of the Epac/Rap1 signaling pathway alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and brain damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2023 Apr:117:110014. PMID: 36931001 -
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
Rac1 regulates nucleus pulposus cell degeneration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promotes the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration. [Abstract]2022 Mar 1;322(3):C496-C507. PMID: 35108117 -
Poult Sci
2024 Jun;103(6):103717. PMID: 38643746 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
PlexinA1 promotes gastric cancer migration through preventing MICAL1 protein ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation in a Rac1-dependent manner. [Abstract]2024 Mar 18;1870(4):167124. PMID: 38508474 -
J Cell Mol Med
Inhibition of Rac1 activity by NSC23766 prevents cartilage endplate degeneration via Wnt/β-catenin pathway. [Abstract]2020 Mar;24(6):3582-3592. PMID: 32040269 -
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
Dependence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on cholesterol-rich lipid raft and endosomal acidification. [Abstract]2021;19:1933-1943. PMID: 33850607 -
J Cell Commun Signal
Catalpol inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation by reducing the formation and changing the contents of hepatocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. [Abstract]2023 Sep;17(3):723-736. PMID: 36508052 -
Fish Shellfish Immunol
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) exhibit immune toxicity to crucian carp (Carassius carassius) by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2022 Oct:129:22-29. PMID: 35932984 -
J Virol
EV-D68 exploits clathrin-mediated endocytosis and compensatory macropinocytosis for cellular entry. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27:e0035826. PMID: 42037410 -
J Virol
SFTSV utilizes AXL/GAS6 for entry via PI3K-PLC-dependent macropinocytosis activated by AXL-kinase. [Abstract]2025 Aug 25:e0022125. PMID: 40853130 -
J Virol
Tetraspanin CD81 serves as a functional entry factor for porcine circovirus type 2 infection. [Abstract]2024 Dec 31:e0140824. PMID: 39745447 -
Mol Cell Endocrinol
Study of differential proteomics in granulosa cells of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and the roles and mechanism of RAC1 in granulosa cells. [Abstract]2022 Sep 15:555:111719. PMID: 35850487 -
Food Chem Toxicol
Diacetoxyscirpenol-induced heterophil extracellular traps contribute to the immune toxicity of liver injury in chickens. [Abstract]2021 Feb:148:111926. PMID: 33352262 -
BMC Cancer
TRPM2 channels mediate ROS-induced actin remodeling and cell migration of prostate cancer cells. [Abstract]2025 May 28;25(1):956. PMID: 40437388 -
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J Inorg Biochem
Nanosilver-stimulated heterophil extracellular traps promoted liver and kidney injury in chicken. [Abstract]2022 Apr 20;233:111838. PMID: 35504082 -
J Inorg Biochem
Alumina nanoparticles-induced heterophil extracellular traps exacerbate liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation in chickens. [Abstract]2022 Apr:229:111725. PMID: 35063926 -
Mol Immunol
FAM49B, restrained by miR-22, relieved hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting TRAF6/IKK signaling pathway in a Rac1-dependent manner. [Abstract]2022 Mar:143:135-146. PMID: 35131594 -
Cell Immunol
2024 Jun 17:401-402:104843. PMID: 38905771 -
Vet Microbiol
miR-142-3p suppresses porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection by directly targeting Rac1. [Abstract]2022 Jun;269:109434. PMID: 35452863 -
Virology
2024 Dec:600:110233. PMID: 39255726 -
Exp Ther Med
Procyanidin B2 suppresses hyperglycemia-induced renal mesangial cell dysfunction by modulating CAV-1-dependent signaling. [Abstract]2022 Jun 7;24(2):496. PMID: 35837062 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Pentosidine modification of neuronal proteins induces dendritic spine enlargement in vitro. [Abstract]2025 Dec 31:793:153032. PMID: 41274251 -
Biol Pharm Bull
NSC23766 and Ehop016 Suppress Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Replication by Inhibiting Rac1 Activity. [Abstract]2021 Sep 1;44(9):1263-1271. PMID: 34162786 -
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Solvent & Solubility
H2O : 100 mg/mL (188.34 mM; Need ultrasonic)
DMSO : 33.33 mg/mL (62.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (4.71 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 110 mg/mL (207.17 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
Briefly, fresh spinal cord tissue of the lumbar enlargement is homogenised in the presence of protease and phosphatase inhibitors and lysed with buffer. After being centrifuged at 12,000× g for 5 min at 4°C, the supernatants are collected and incubated with PAK-PBD beads at 4°C on a rotator for 1 h and then the beads are pelleted through centrifugation at 5000× g for 3 min at 4°C. The resulting pellet is resuspended in LaemmLi buffer and boiled for 2 min. The bead samples are subjected to Western blot analysis. Total Rac1 in each sample is also determined by Western blot analysis.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Balb/c control and NOD mice are at 7 weeks of age and are divided into four groups (n=8/group). At 8 weeks of age two groups of experimental animals (Balb/c and NOD) receive NSC23766 (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p./daily) and other two groups, which serve as control Balb/c and NOD mice and receive equal volume of saline. The body weights and blood glucose are monitored every week for 34 weeks.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Veluthakal R, et al. NSC23766, a Known Inhibitor of Tiam1-Rac1 Signaling Module, Prevents the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse Model. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;39(2):760-7. [Content Brief]
[2]. Song SJ, et al. Inhibition of Rac1 GTPase activity affects porcine oocyte maturation and early embryo development. Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 3;6:34415 [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhao L, et al. Rac1 modulates the formation of primordial follicles by facilitating STAT3-directed Jagged1, GDF9 and BMP15 transcription in mice. Sci Rep. 2016 Apr 6;6:23972 [Content Brief]
[4]. Wang Y, et al. Involvement of Rac1 signalling pathway in the development and maintenance of acute inflammatory pain induced by bee venom injection. Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;173(5):937-50 [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 1.8834 mL | 9.4169 mL | 18.8338 mL | 47.0845 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3767 mL | 1.8834 mL | 3.7668 mL | 9.4169 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1883 mL | 0.9417 mL | 1.8834 mL | 4.7085 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1256 mL | 0.6278 mL | 1.2556 mL | 3.1390 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0942 mL | 0.4708 mL | 0.9417 mL | 2.3542 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0753 mL | 0.3767 mL | 0.7534 mL | 1.8834 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0628 mL | 0.3139 mL | 0.6278 mL | 1.5695 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0471 mL | 0.2354 mL | 0.4708 mL | 1.1771 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0377 mL | 0.1883 mL | 0.3767 mL | 0.9417 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0314 mL | 0.1569 mL | 0.3139 mL | 0.7847 mL | |
| H2O | 80 mM | 0.0235 mL | 0.1177 mL | 0.2354 mL | 0.5886 mL |
| 100 mM | 0.0188 mL | 0.0942 mL | 0.1883 mL | 0.4708 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.