Apocynaceae Extract

Condurango glycoside A0 is a pregnane ester glycoside that can be isolated from Marsdema cundurango.

Methyl chanofruticosinate is an indole alkaloid that can be isolated from Kopsia.

4-Demethyltraxillaside is a lignan that can be isolated from Caulis Trachelospermi.

Cryptanoside A, a cardiac glycoside epoxide, can be isolated from the stems of Cryptolepis dubia. Cryptanoside A has potent cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Cryptanoside A also inhibits Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Cryptanoside A increases the expression of Akt and the p65 subunit of NF-κB.

Tabersonine hydrochloride is a selective, orally active NLRP3 inhibitor. Tabersonine hydrochloride directly binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3, inhibiting its ATPase activity and oligomerization, thereby blocking ASC spot formation and caspase-1 activation, and reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β. Tabersonine hydrochloride also inhibits K63-linked ubiquitination of TRAF6, blocking NF-κB, PI3K/Akt, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Tabersonine hydrochloride can inhibit inflammatory responses, induce apoptosis of liver cancer cells through mitochondrial pathways and death receptor pathways, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, promote cytochrome c release, and activate caspase proteins. Tabersonine hydrochloride is mainly used in the study of NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases (such as acute lung injury, sepsis, peritonitis) and tumors such as liver cancer.