2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage
    Epigenetics
  4. HDAC

HDAC

Histone deacetylases

HDAC

Related Products

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HDAC (Histone deacetylases) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O=C-CH3) from an ε-N-acetyl lysine amino acid on ahistone, allowing the histones to wrap the DNA more tightly. This is important because DNA is wrapped around histones, and DNA expression is regulated by acetylation and de-acetylation. Its action is opposite to that of histone acetyltransferase. HDAC proteins are now also called lysine deacetylases (KDAC), to describe their function rather than their target, which also includes non-histone proteins. Together with the acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases and the acetoin utilization proteins, the histone deacetylases form an ancient protein superfamily known as the histone deacetylase superfamily.

HDAC Isoform Specific Products:

HDAC Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-157152
    HDAC-IN-65
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-65 ( compound 6) is a selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with IC50 value of 2.5μM. HDAC-IN-65 is a prodrug with very good bioreductive properties.
    HDAC-IN-65
  • HY-150004
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
    		Inhibitor
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 (Compound 15f) is a dual c-Met and HDAC inhibitor with IC50 values of 12.50 nM and 26.97 nM against c-Met and HDAC1, respectively. c-Met/HDAC-IN-3 induces apoptosis and cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase.
    c-Met/HDAC-IN-3
  • HY-146160
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1 is a PARP-1/HDAC6 dual targeting inhibitor with IC50s of 68.90 nM and 510 nM, respectively. PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1 displays remarkable anticancer, anti-migration and anti-angiogenesis activities.
    PARP-1/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-144395
    HDAC6-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-4 (C10) is a potent, orally active and highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 23 nM. HDAC6-IN-4 induces cancer cells apoptosis and shows significant antitumor efficacy, without obvious toxicity.
    HDAC6-IN-4
  • HY-161954
    HDAC8-IN-12
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-12 (compound 5k) is a non-hydroxamic acid, selective inhibitor of HDAC8 (IC50: 0.12 nM) and a potent inhibitor of breast cancer. HDAC8-IN-12 triggers anti-tumor immunity by activating T cells, increasing the proportion of M1 macrophages and decreasing the proportion of M2 macrophages. HDAC8-IN-12 (50 mg/kg) exerts tumor suppressive effects in an orthotopic mouse model of breast cancer.
    HDAC8-IN-12
  • HY-179271
    CA/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    CA/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 11) is a CA and HDAC inhibitor with Ki values of 7.4 nM, 31.0 nM, and 7.3 nM for hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII, respectively, and IC50 values of 0.21 μM and 3.60 μM for HDAC3 and HDAC8, respectively. CA/HDAC-IN-1 has anti-cancer activity against colon cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma.
    CA/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-163834
    HDAC6-IN-47
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-47 (Compound S-29b) is inhibitor for HDAC, which exhibits high affinities to HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, HDAC8, HDAC10 with Ki of 60, 56, 162, 0.44, 362 and 849 nM, respectively. HDAC6-IN-47 causes tubulin hyperacetylation in MV4-11, inhibits the proliferation of MV4-11 with an EC50 of 0.50 µM. HDAC6-IN-47 can be used in research of leukemia.
    HDAC6-IN-47
  • HY-174396
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 (Compound 22E) is an orally active and dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and HDAC6 with IC50 values of 2.4 nM and 6.2 nM, respectively. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 exhibits potent antiproliferative effects on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cells and possesses in vivo antitumor activity without significant toxicity. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 arrests the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and induces apoptosis. PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1 blocks the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and increases the acetylation levels of α-tubulin and histone H3.
    PI3Kδ/HDAC6-IN-1
  • HY-174398
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2
    		Inhibitor
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 is a potent inhibitor of GSK-3β (IC50 = 0.04 μM), HDAC2 (IC50 = 1.05 μM, Ki = 0.070 μM) and HDAC6 (IC50 = 1.52 μM, Ki = 0.017 μM). GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 inhibits HDAC2 and HDAC6 activities and blocks tau hyperphosphorylation. GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 exerts neuroprotective effects and shows no significant toxicity. GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2 can be used in the research of Alzheimer's disease.
    GSK-3β/HDAC-IN-2
  • HY-144293
    HDAC-IN-31
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC-IN-31 is a potent, selective and orally active HDAC inhibitor with IC50s of 84.90, 168.0, 442.7, >10000 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC8, respectively. HDAC-IN-31 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrests at G2/M phase. HDAC-IN-31 shows good antitumor efficacy. HDAC-IN-31 has the potential for the research of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
    HDAC-IN-31
  • HY-115761
    Dihydrochlamydocin
    		Inhibitor
    Dihydrochlamydocin is a histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitor. Dihydrochlamydocin shows strong cytostatic activity towards mastocytoma cells.
    Dihydrochlamydocin
  • HY-119690
    T326
    		Inhibitor
    T326 is a potent and selective HDAC3 inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.26 μM. T326 can be used for the research of cancer and HIV infection.
    T326
  • HY-149529
    HDAC8-IN-5
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC8-IN-5 (Compound 6a) is a HDAC8 inhibitor (IC50: 28 nM). HDAC8-IN-5 can be used for cancer research.
    HDAC8-IN-5
  • HY-176064
    HDAC6-IN-58
    		Inhibitor
    HDAC6-IN-58 (compound 24c) is a selective HDAC6 inhibitor with IC50 values of 9.5 nM and 7374.5 nM for HDAC6 and HDAC1, respectively. HDAC6-IN-58 increases tubulin acetylation, exerts antiproliferative effects, and induces autophagy.
    HDAC6-IN-58
  • HY-155398
    PRO-HD3
    		Inhibitor
    PRO-HD3 is a cell-specific, PROTAC-based HDAC6 degrader.
    PRO-HD3
  • HY-13906
    Largazole
    		Inhibitor
    Largazole ((+)-Largazole) is a potent, selective, orally active and brain-penetrant class I HDAC inhibitor found in marine cyanobacteria. Largazole shows an IC50 of 0.07 nM for HDAC2. Largazole releases its active form Largazole thiol (HY-170890) after hydrolysis. Largazole has a strong inhibitory effect on SF-268, SF-295 and SH-SY5Y cells, with IC50 values of 62, 68 and 102 nM respectively Largazole can upregulate the tumor suppressor gene Pax6 to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and colony formation of glioblastoma cells. Largazole can significantly upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor BDNF, neuronal transcription factor Pax6, and μ-opioid receptor gene Oprm1. Largazole exerts antitumor and neuroprotective effects. Largazole can be used for researches of Glioblastoma and Alzheimer’s disease.
    Largazole
  • HY-15149G
    Romidepsin (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Romidepsin (GMP) (FK 228 (GMP)) is Romidepsin (HY-15149) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules works appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Romidepsin (FK 228) is a Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with anti-tumor activities. Romidepsin (FK 228) inhibits HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC4, and HDAC6 with IC50s of 36 nM, 47 nM, 510 nM and 1.4 μM, respectively. Romidepsin (FK 228) is produced by Chromobacterium violaceum, induces cell G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis.
    Romidepsin (GMP)
  • HY-145851
    Top/HDAC-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    Top/HDAC-IN-1 (Compound 29b) is a topoisomerase/HDAC dual inhibitor with IC50s of 18, 230, 790, 87, and 5250 nM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, HDAC6, and HDAC8, respectively. Top/HDAC-IN-1 exhibits potent antitumor activities against the HCT116 cell line with the IC50 of 180 nM. Top/HDAC-IN-1 efficiently induces apoptosis with G2 cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells.
    Top/HDAC-IN-1
  • HY-168864
    POI ligand 1
    		Inhibitor
    POI ligand 1 is a template for the non-selective HDAC inhibitor Vorinostat (HY-10221). POI ligand 1 can serve as a ligand for target protein (Ligands for Target Protein for PROTAC) for the development of PROTAC HDAC degraders with antitumor activity. POI ligand 1 can be used for the synthesis of FF2049 (HY-168863).
    POI ligand 1
  • HY-143654
    WW437
    WW437 is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potent anti-breast cancer ability in vitro and in vivo.
    WW437
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
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Download HDAC Signaling Pathway Map.

TCR, GPCR and HDAC II interaction: Diverse agonists act through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to activate the PKC-PKD axis, CaMK, Rho, or MHC binding to antigens stimulates TCR to activate PKD, leading to phosphorylation of class II HDACs. Phospho-HDACs dissociate from MEF2, bind 14-3-3, and are exported to the cytoplasm through a CRM1-dependent mechanism. CRM1 is inhibited by leptomycin B (LMB). Release of MEF2 from class II HDACs allows p300 to dock on MEF2 and stimulate gene expression. Dephosphorylation of class II HDACs in the cytoplasm enables reentry into the nucleus[1].

 

TLR: TLR signaling is initiated by ligand binding to receptors. The recruitment of TLR domain-containing adaptor protein MyD88 is repressed by HDAC6, whereas NF-κB and MTA-1 can be negatively regulated by HDAC1/2/3 and HDAC2, respectively. Acetylation by HATs enhance MKP-1 which inhibits p38-mediated inflammatory responses, while HDAC1/2/3 inhibits MKP-1 activity. HDAC1 and HDAC8 repress, whereas HDAC6 promotes, IRF function in response to viral challenge. HDAC11 inhibits IL-10 expression and HDAC1 and HDAC2 represses IFNγ-dependent activation of the CIITA transcription factor, thus affecting antigen presentation[2][3].

 

IRNAR: IFN-α/β induce activation of the type I IFN receptor and then bring the receptor-associated JAKs into proximity. JAK adds phosphates to the receptor. STATs bind to the phosphates and then phosphorylated by JAKs to form a dimer, leading to nuclear translocation and gene expression. HDACs positively regulate STATs and PZLF to promote antiviral responses and IFN-induced gene expression[2][3].

 

Cell cycle: In G1 phase, HDAC, Retinoblastoma protein (RB), E2F and polypeptide (DP) form a repressor complex. HDAC acts on surrounding chromatin, causing it to adopt a closed chromatin conformation, and transcription is repressed. Prior to the G1-S transition, phosphorylation of RB by CDKs dissociates the repressor complex. Transcription factors (TFs) gain access to their binding sites and, together with the now unmasked E2F activation domain. E2F is then free to activate transcription by contacting basal factors or by contacting histone acetyltransferases, such as CBP, that can alter chromatin structure[4].

 

The function of non-histone proteins is also regulated by HATs/HDACs. p53: HDAC1 impairs the function of p53. p53 is acetylated under conditions of stress or HDAC inhibition by its cofactor CREB binding protein (CBP) and the transcription of genes involved in differentiation is activated. HSP90: HSP90 is a chaperone that complexes with other chaperones, such as p23, to maintain correct conformational folding of its client proteins. HDAC6 deacetylates HSP90. Inhibition of HDAC6 would result in hyperacetylated HSP90, which would be unable to interact with its co-chaperones and properly lead to misfolded client proteins being targeted for degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system[5][6].
 

Reference:

[1]. Vega RB, et al. Protein kinases C and D mediate agonist-dependent cardiac hypertrophy through nuclear export of histone deacetylase 5.Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;24(19):8374-85.
[2]. Shakespear MR, et al. Histone deacetylases as regulators of inflammation and immunity. Trends Immunol. 2011 Jul;32(7):335-43.
[3]. Suliman BA, et al. HDACi: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications in the innate immune system.Immunol Cell Biol. 2012 Jan;90(1):23-32. 
[4]. Brehm A, et al. Retinoblastoma protein meets chromatin.Trends Biochem Sci. 1999 Apr;24(4):142-5.
[5]. Butler R, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for polyglutamine disorders.Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006 Oct;7(10):784-96
[6]. Minucci S, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and the promise of epigenetic (and more) treatments for cancer.Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Jan;6(1):38-51.

HDAC Isoform Comparison

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