HIV-2
HIV-2 is a lentiviral human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS but usually shows lower plasma viral load, slower CD4+ T-cell decline, and reduced transmission compared with HIV-1[1][2]. Mechanistically, HIV-2 encodes Vpx, which induces proteasomal degradation of SAMHD1, relieves reverse-transcription restriction in myeloid cells and resting CD4+ T cells, and increases viral DNA synthesis in restrictive cellular models[3][4][5]. HIV-2/SIV Vpx also counteracts the HUSH repressor complex, linking intrinsic immunity with epigenetic control of proviral expression in primary CD4+ T cells[6]. In disease models and longitudinal cohorts, plasma viral load predicts CD4+ T-cell decline in HIV-2, and untreated HIV-2 can still progress to AIDS and death despite delayed disease kinetics[2][7]. Compared with related isoforms, HIV-2 encodes both Vpx and Vpr, whereas HIV-1 encodes Vpr but not Vpx, making Vpx a key experimental marker distinguishing HIV-2 biology[8]. For research applications, HIV-2 drug studies must account for intrinsic resistance to NNRTIs and enfuvirtide and for distinct resistance pathways under antiretroviral pressure[9].
References:
- [1]. Berry DJ, et al. Evaluation of genetic markers as instruments for Mendelian randomization studies on vitamin D. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37465. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Gottlieb GS, et al. Equal plasma viral loads predict a similar rate of CD4+ T cell decline in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1- and HIV-2-infected individuals from Senegal, West Africa. J Infect Dis. 2002 Apr 1;185(7):905-14. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Laguette N, et al. SAMHD1 is the dendritic- and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx. Nature. 2011 May 25;474(7353):654-7. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hrecka K, et al. Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein. Nature. 2011 Jun 29;474(7353):658-61. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Baldauf HM, et al. SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4(+) T cells. Nat Med. 2012 Nov;18(11):1682-7. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Chougui G, et al. HIV-2/SIV viral protein X counteracts HUSH repressor complex. Nat Microbiol. 2018 Aug;3(8):891-897. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Esbjörnsson J, et al. Long-term follow-up of HIV-2-related AIDS and mortality in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective open cohort study. Lancet HIV. 2018 Nov 1:S2352-3018(18)30254-6. [Content Brief]
- [8]. Fujita M, et al. SAMHD1-Dependent and -Independent Functions of HIV-2/SIV Vpx Protein. Front Microbiol. 2012 Aug 10;3:297. [Content Brief]
- [9]. Smith RA, et al. Antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-2: three amino acid changes are sufficient for classwide nucleoside analogue resistance. J Infect Dis. 2009 May 1;199(9):1323-6. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
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HIV-2 Related Products (48)
Related Products (48)
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Tenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate
0 ImagesSynonyms: GS-7340 hemifumarateTenofovir alafenamide hemifumarate (GS-7340 hemifumarate) is an investigational oral proagent of Tenofovir. Tenofovir is a HIV-1 nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
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Apelin-36(rat, mouse)
0 ImagesApelin-36(rat, mouse) is an endogenous orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ agonist. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) binds to APJ receptors with an IC50 of 5.4 nM, and potently inhibits cAMP production with an EC50 of 0.52 nM. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) blocks entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2/CD4 cells expressing APJ.
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AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide
0 ImagesSynonyms: GENZ-644494 hexahydrobromideAMD 3465 hexahydrobromide (GENZ-644494 hexahydrobromide) is a potent antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits binding of 12G5 mAb and CXCL12AF647 to CXCR4, with IC50s of 0.75 nM and 18 nM in SupT1 cells; AMD 3465 also potently inhibits the replication of X4 HIV strains (IC50: 1-10 nM), but has no effect on CCR5-using (R5) viruses.
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Decanoyl-RVKR-CMK TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-107760ACAS No.: 2098497-25-5Synonyms: DecRVKRcmk TFADecanoyl-RVKR-CMK (DecRVKRcmk) TFA inhibits over-expressed gp160 processing and HIV-1 replication.
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BMS-378806
0 ImagesSynonyms: BMS-806BMS-378806 is a potent HIV-1 attachment inhibitor that interferes with CD4-gp120 interactions. BMS-378806 selectively inhibits the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to the CD4 receptor with EC50 of 0.85-26.5 nM in virus.
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Loviride
0 ImagesSynonyms: R 89439Loviride (R 89439) is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), with an IC50 of 0.3 µM for reverse transcriptase from HIV-1. Loviride (R 89439) inhibits HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV replication in MT-4 cells.
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IQP-0528
0 ImagesIQP-0528 is a highly potent nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). IQP-0528 shows nanomolar activity against both HIV-1 and HIV-2, with EC50s of 0.2 nM and 100 nM, respectively.
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Rovafovir etalafenamide
0 ImagesSynonyms: GS-9131Rovafovir etalafenamide (GS-9131), a proagent of the adenosine nucleotide analogue GS-9148, is an orally active nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). Rovafovir etalafenamide is potent and active against a variety of NRTI mutants, and shows potent anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Apelin-36(human) TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P1064AApelin-36(human) TFA is an endogenous orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ agonist, with an EC50 of 20 nM. Apelin-36(human) TFA shows high affinity to human APJ receptors expressed in HEK 293 cells (pIC550=8.61). Apelin-36(human) TFA has been linked to two major types of biological activities: cardiovascular and metabolic. Apelin-36(human) TFA inhibits the entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 into the NP2/CD4 cells expressing APJ.
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AzddMeC
0 ImagesSynonyms: CS-92AzddMeC (CS-92) is an antiviral nucleoside analogue and a potent potent, selective and orally active HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication inhibitor. In HIV-1-infected human PBM cells and HIV-1-infected human macrophages, the EC50 values of AzddMeC are 9 nM and 6 nM, respectively. AzddMeC is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
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Raltegravir sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10353BCAS No.: 1292804-07-9Synonyms: MK 0518 sodiumRaltegravir (MK 0518) sodium is a potent and orally active integrase (IN) inhibitor, used to treat HIV infection.
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Siamycin I
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P2200CAS No.: 164802-68-0Synonyms: BMY-29304Siamycin I (BMY-29304), a 21-residue tricyclic peptide, is a secondary metabolite in actinomycetes. Siamycin I is a HIV fusion inhibitor with ED50s of 0.05 to 5.7 μM for acute HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 infections. Siamycin I inhibits the gelatinase and gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone (GBAP) signaling via the FsrC-FsrA two-component regulatory system in a noncompetitive manner. Siamycin I suppresses the expression of both fsrBDC and gelE-sprE transcripts. Siamycin I, a lasso peptide, interacts with lipid II and inhibits cell wall biosynthesis. Siamycin I, an antibiotic, has the potential for enterococcal infections research.
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BEA 005
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-105394CAS No.: 132235-73-5BEA 005 is an antivirus agent. BEA 005 can block early systemic and mucosal infections with SIV and HIV-2.
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H-Gly-Pro-Gly-NH2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P4292CAS No.: 141497-12-3H-Gly-Pro-Gly-NH2 is a tripeptide that inhibits HIV-1 replication. H-Gly-Pro-Gly-NH2 inhibits the activity of HIV-1 IIIB and HIV-2 ROD with EC50 values of 35 µM and 30 µM, respectively. H-Gly Pro Gly NH2 inhibits HIV-1 replication in vitro by interfering with capsid formation. H-Gly Pro Gly NH2 has antiviral activity and can be used for virus research.
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HIV Capsid-IN-2
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-174269HIV Capsid-IN-2 (Compound IC-2b4) is a potent HIV-1 capsid protein (CA) inhibitor. HIV Capsid-IN-2 shows inhibitory effects against both HIV-1 (EC50=0.08 μM) and HIV-2. HIV Capsid-IN-2 exerts inhibitory effects during both early and late stages of infection by directly and stably binding to HIV-1 CA.
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Luzopeptin A
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130050CAS No.: 75580-37-9Synonyms: BBM-928 ALuzopeptin A (BBM-928 A) is an actinoleukin-like antitumor antibiotic. Luzopeptin A is a bifunctional DNA intercalator which can interact with isolated DNA molecules. Luzopeptin A induces an unwinding-rewinding process of the closed superhelical PM2 DNA. Luzopeptin A is active against HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptase with IC50s of 7 nM and 68 nM for HIV-1 RT and HIV-2 RT, respectively.
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Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-P1065AApelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA is an endogenous orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ agonist. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA binds to APJ receptors with an IC50 of 5.4 nM, and potently inhibits cAMP production with an EC50 of 0.52 nM. Apelin-36(rat, mouse) TFA blocks entry of some HIV-1 and HIV-2 strains into NP-2/CD4 cells expressing APJ.
