Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Control

Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity is an orally active Dectin-1 splice variant modulator, glucose absorption inhibitor, and chyme viscosity enhancer. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity inhibits particulate β-glucan-induced Dectin-1A activation and mildly suppresses Dectin-1B activation. In human dendritic cells stimulated with particulate β-glucan, Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity reduces the production of IL-10 and TNF-α, and increases the production of IL-4 and IL-23. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity also supports antifungal immune responses without activating TLR2, TLR4 or TLR5, and does not induce cytokine production when used to stimulate human dendritic cells alone. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity increases small intestinal chyme viscosity, gets degraded in the large intestine to produce short-chain fatty acids, reduces glucose absorption and insulin response, and improves glucose homeostasis. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity supports microbial fermentation and the growth of beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, prevents bile acid reabsorption, and delays starch digestion. Arabinoxylan Medium viscosity can be used in research related to type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and metabolic syndrome.

(R)-SARM1-IN-5 is the (R)-enantiomer of SARM1-IN-5 (HY-172967). SARM1-IN-5 (compound 1-23-a) is a SARM1 inhibitor. SARM1-IN-5 can be used in the study of axonal degeneration related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

SjDX5-53 control peptide is a control peptide of the TLR2 activator SjDX5-53 (HY-P10982) that does not target a specific receptor and does not modulate regulatory T cells (Tregs) or dendritic cells. SjDX5-53 control peptide can be used to exclude nonspecific effects and help verify the specific role of SjDX5-53 in inducing Tregs and alleviating autoimmune diseases. SjDX5-53 control peptide is used in the study of autoimmune diseases such as colitis and psoriasis.

(R)-Hydroxychloroquine ((R)-HCQ) phosphate is a (R)-isomer of Hydroxychloroquine (HY-W031727). (R)-Hydroxychloroquine inhibits the insulin metabolizing enzyme of cytosolic fraction of liver homogenates in healthy and diabetic rats.

SjDX5-271v is a negative control of SjDX5-271 (HY-P10897). SjDX5-271 is a small 3 kDa peptide. SjDX5-271 inhibits the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. SjDX5-271 induces cell polarization. SjDX5-271 alleviats hepatic inflammation. SjDX5-271 protects mice against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

(S)-Hydroxychloroquine ((S)-HCQ) sulfate is an isomer of Hydroxychloroquine (HY-W031727). (S)-Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (2.5-20 mg/mL) reduces the rate of insulin degradation in liver homogenates isolated from non-diabetic and diabetic rats. Formulations containing Hydroxychloroquine have been used in the study of malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.