Cathepsin E

Cathepsin E (CTSE) is a non-lysosomal aspartic protease that exists predominantly as a disulfide-linked homodimer, setting it apart from the monomeric lysosomal Cathepsin D. The enzyme resides mainly in endosomal compartments of gastric mucosal cells, immune cells, and cells of the gastrointestinal tract and lung, where it contributes to antigen processing for MHC class II presentation. CTSE expression is inducible during inflammation, and elevated levels have been reported in various carcinomas. Mouse knockout studies point to roles in immune responses and in the stomach epithelium rather than in bulk protein turnover, a housekeeping function dominated by Cathepsin D.