Clove oil

Clove oil nanoemulsion (2 wt% clove oil content; 24 h) inhibits growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via the filter paper diffusion method, with a larger inhibition zone (13.47 mm) observed for Staphylococcus aureus than for Escherichia coli (9.32 mm)^[1].
Clove oil nanoemulsion (0.125-4.0 μL/mL; 24 h (MIC), 48 h (MBC)) inhibits growth of Escherichia coli with an MIC of 0.5 mg/mL and kills Escherichia coli with an MBC of 1 mg/mL; it inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 0.25 mg/mL and kills Staphylococcus aureus with an MBC of 2 mg/mL^[1].
Clove oil nanoemulsion (0.5 mg/mL (MIC), 1 mg/mL (MBC) for Escherichia coli; 0.25 mg/mL (MIC), 2 mg/mL (MBC) for Staphylococcus aureus; 3 h) disrupts the cell membrane integrity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, causing dose-dependent release of nucleic acids and proteins, with more pronounced nucleic acid release at MBC concentrations^[1].
Clove oil (15-45 μg/mL; 30 h) potently inhibits lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion, with 97.9% inhibition at 15 μg/mL, 99.4% inhibition at 30 μg/mL, and 99.7% inhibition at 45 μg/mL^[2].
Clove oil (0.01-0.5 μg/mL; 30 min) potently scavenges DPPH radicals in a cell-free assay with an IC₅₀ of 0.08 μg/mL, achieving 91.2% inhibition at 0.5 μg/mL^[3].
Clove oil (0.01-0.2 μg/mL; 1 h) potently scavenges hydroxyl radicals in a cell-free deoxyribose degradation assay with an IC₅₀ of 0.02 μg/mL, achieving 93.7% inhibition at 0.2 μg/mL^[3].
Clove oil (0.02-0.2 μg/mL; 1 h) acts as an iron chelator in a cell-free deoxyribose degradation assay, achieving 93% inhibition of metal-dependent hydroxyl radical generation at 0.2 μg/mL^[3].
Clove oil (0.0025-0.01 wt%/vol; 10 days) inhibits both early and late stages of lipid peroxidation in a cell-free linoleic acid emulsion system, achieving up to 80.6% inhibition of TBARS formation at 0.01 wt%/vol and 73.91% inhibition of CD formation at 0.005 wt%/vol^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.