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IL-1 beta Protein, Rat

23 Cited Publications
Customer Review

Based on 23 publication(s) in Google Scholar

IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta plays a key role in inflammation and immunologic reactions.  IL-1 beta Protein, Rat is expressed in E. coli.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
  • Species: Rat
  • Source: E. coli
  • Storage:
    Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat Product Image
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  • Biological Activity
  • Technical Parameters
  • Product Properties
  • Documentation
  • References
  • Help & FAQs
Top Publications Citing

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Biological Activity

Description

IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. IL-1 beta plays a key role in inflammation and immunologic reactions[1][2].  IL-1 beta Protein, Rat is expressed in E. coli.

Background

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and is produced and secreted by a variety of cell types although the vast majority of studies have focussed on its production within cells of the innate immune system, such as monocytes and macrophages[1][2].
IL-1β is produced as inactive pro-IL-1β (encoded by pro-Il-1b) in response to inflammatory stimuli, including both microbial products and endogenous danger-associated molecules. IL-1β gene expression and synthesis of pro-IL-1β occurs after activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Inflammatory stimuli also drive activation of cytosolic CARD and PYHIN domain-containing PRRs that recruit ASC and caspase-1 (Casp-1) to assemble into the multiprotein complex inflammasome. Pro-Casp-1 (encoded by pro-Casp-1), activated by the inflammasome, cleaves pro-IL-1β into the bioactive IL-1β. IL-1β acts in an autocrine/paracrine manner via the type I IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1)[1][2][3].
IL-1β could regulate the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. IL-1β also plays a significant regulator of reproduction in females[1][2][3].

In Vitro

IL-1β (1-15625 pg/mL; 12 hours) dose-dependently increases production of the NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and a significant effect of IL-1β is observed at concentrations as low as 5 pg/mL in immortalized murine RAW264.7 macrophages[1].
IL-1β (1, 10 and 100 ng/mL; 24 hours) results in a dose-dependent increase of cell proliferation in pig heart cells. IL-1β increases the gene expression of caspase-3, and increases the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9[2].

In Vivo

IL-1β (8 ng; i.p.; daily; for 3 days) rescues Casp1−/− mice, restores survival and reduces lung bacterial load (i.e. days 0, 1, and 2 post-infection) in Chlamydia pneumoniae infected Casp1−/− mice. Yet, mice treated later (days 2, 3 and 4 post-infection) shows significantly increased bacterial counts relative to early-treated mice[3].

Verified Bioactivity

1.The ED50 is <10 pg/mL as measured by mouse D10S cells, corresponding to a specific activity of >1.0 × 108 units/mg.
2.Measured in a cell proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse T lymphocyte. The ED50 for this effect is 7.721 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.30×105 U/mg.
3.Measured by its ability to induce Interferon gamma secretion by human natural killer lymphoma NK-92 cells. The ED50 for this effect is 0.1959 μg/mL.
4. Measured in a cell proliferation assay using D10.G4.1 mouse helper T cells. The ED50 for this effect is <10 pg/mL.

Technical Parameters

  • Species Rat
  • Source E. coli
  • Tag Tag Free
  • Accession

    Q63264 (V117-S268)

  • Gene ID
    24494  [NCBI]
  • Molecular Construction
    • N-term
    • IL-1 beta (V117-S268)
      Accession # Q63264
    • C-term
  • Protein Length

    Full Length of Mature Protein

  • Synonyms

    IL1B; IL-1B; Interleukin 1 Beta; Multifunctional Fusion Protein; IL1F2; Pro-Interleukin-1-Beta; Interleukin-1 Beta; Preinterleukin 1 Beta; IL1-BETA; Interleukin 1beta; IL-1 Beta; IL1beta; Catabolin; IL-1

  • AA Sequence

    VPIRQLHCRLRDEQQKCLVLSDPCELKALHLNGQNISQQVVFSMSFVQGETSNDKIPVALGLKGLNLYLSCVMKDGTPTLQLESVDPKQYPKKKMEKRFVFNKIEVKTKVEFESAQFPNWYISTSQAEHRPVFLGNSNGRDIVDFTMEPVSS

  • Molecular Weight

    Approximately 17 kDa, based on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

  • Purity

    ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Product Properties

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

1.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS.
2.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4.
3.Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4, 8% trehalose.
Please refer to the lot-specific COA for specific buffer information.

Endotoxin Level

<0.2 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years from date of receipt. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

References

[1]. Jan Petrasek, et al. IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2012 Oct;122(10):3476-89. [Content Brief]

[2]. Karina Zitta, et al. Interleukin-1beta regulates cell proliferation and activity of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in cultured primary pig heart cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Sep 3;399(4):542-7. [Content Brief]

[3]. Kenichi Shimada, et al. Caspase-1 dependent IL-1β secretion is critical for host defense in a mouse model of Chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection. PLoS One. 2011;6(6):e21477. [Content Brief]

Calculators

Reconstitution Calculator

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Dilution Calculator

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The Specific Activity Calculator Equation
  • Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
  • Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) Specific Activity (Unit/mg)
Unit/mg
= 106 ÷
Biological Activity (ED50) Biological Activity (ED50)
106 ÷
ng/mL
MOQ
Minimum order quantity
100 mg

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Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated CTLL-2 mouse cytotoxic T cells. The ED50 this effect is 0.8023 μg/ml, corresponding to a specific activity is 1246.42 units/mg.

Assay Types
  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     ≥ 95%, as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

  • 1/16

    MedChemExpress Validation
     Measured in a cell proliferation assay using CTLL-2 mouse T lymphocyte. The ED50 for this effect is 7.721 ng/mL, corresponding to a specific activity is 1.30×105 U/mg.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Joint Res. 2025 Mar 13;14(3):224-235. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of COL2 expression. Scale bar = 20 μm. Immunofluorescence staining revealed abundant punctate fluorescent aggregates in the IL-1β (20 ng/mL; 24 h)-stimulated group, indicating inflammasome formation, whereas the DHM-treated group presented significantly weakened and diffuse fluorescent signals.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Jan 25;71(3):1499-1509. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     IL-1β (10 ng/mL; 24 h). TXNIP, XBP1, and IRE1α protein expression was determined using western blotting.

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2289-2301. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Western blotting was used to detect alterations in the protein expression of p38 MAPK and Cx43 in RCMs stimulated with supernatant from rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs). Exogenous IL-1β (80 ng/mL) was used to stimulate RCMs for 24 h and was used in combination with the IL-1β inhibitor TLR1 (40 μM) or p-38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (3 μM).

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2289-2301. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Immunostaining for total Cx43 and counterstaining with DAPI to visualize nuclei (40 ×). Bars = 25 μm. The results showed that SB203580 and TLR1 both alleviated the internalization of Cx43 induced by IL-1β (80 ng/mL; 24 h).

  • 1/16

    IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 5;920:174830. [Abstract]

    Customer Validation
     Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NLRP3, p-GSK-3β, and GSK-3β expression assessed using western blotting. RCMs were exposed to IL-1β (40 ng/mL, 24 h) with or without SB216763 (10 μM, pretreatment for 1 h) or TLR1 (40 μM, pretreatment for 1 h).

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat Product Image
    1/16
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • Experimental Validation Results for IL-1 beta Protein, Rat
  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat Product Image

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bone Joint Res. 2025 Mar 13;14(3):224-235. [Abstract]

    Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification of COL2 expression. Scale bar = 20 μm. Immunofluorescence staining revealed abundant punctate fluorescent aggregates in the IL-1β (20 ng/mL; 24 h)-stimulated group, indicating inflammasome formation, whereas the DHM-treated group presented significantly weakened and diffuse fluorescent signals.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Jan 25;71(3):1499-1509. [Abstract]

    IL-1β (10 ng/mL; 24 h). TXNIP, XBP1, and IRE1α protein expression was determined using western blotting.

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2289-2301. [Abstract]

    Western blotting was used to detect alterations in the protein expression of p38 MAPK and Cx43 in RCMs stimulated with supernatant from rat cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs). Exogenous IL-1β (80 ng/mL) was used to stimulate RCMs for 24 h and was used in combination with the IL-1β inhibitor TLR1 (40 μM) or p-38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (3 μM).

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2022 Sep;43(9):2289-2301. [Abstract]

    Immunostaining for total Cx43 and counterstaining with DAPI to visualize nuclei (40 ×). Bars = 25 μm. The results showed that SB203580 and TLR1 both alleviated the internalization of Cx43 induced by IL-1β (80 ng/mL; 24 h).

  • IL-1 beta Protein, Rat purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Eur J Pharmacol. 2022 Apr 5;920:174830. [Abstract]

    Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NLRP3, p-GSK-3β, and GSK-3β expression assessed using western blotting. RCMs were exposed to IL-1β (40 ng/mL, 24 h) with or without SB216763 (10 μM, pretreatment for 1 h) or TLR1 (40 μM, pretreatment for 1 h).