Amine Reactive Dyes

Cyanines are formally compounds with two nitrogen atoms linked by an odd number of methene units. 26 28 The nitrogen atoms are parts of the heterocyclic units (such as indole, benzoxazol, or benzothiazol) . The structures and optical properties of representative cyanine dyes used for in vivo imaging are presented. Cyanines are characterized by long wavelength, tunable absorption and emission, very high extinction coefficient (up to 300,000 M 1 cm 1), good water solubility, and relatively straightforward synthesis.

BODIPY 576/589 is a long wavelength biological labeled dye contains a free COOH-group (Em/Ex = 589/576 nm).

BODIPY 630/650X is a red fluorescent dye that targets amine groups. BODIPY 630/650X displays excitation/emission maxima of 630/650 nm, respectively. BODIPY 630/650X can be used to covalently label proteins, antibodies, or other amine-containing biomolecules for detection and imaging.

6-FAM SE (6-carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) is a fluorescent labeling reagent. 6-FAM SE is used for oligonucleotide labeling and DNA sequencing.

ICG-carboxylic acid is near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe. ICG is a fluorescent dye used in medical diagnostics. ICG has absorption peaking at 800 nm and can absorb the near IR laser energy and release heat in the dyed tissue (Ex/Em = 785/810 nm).

BODIPY-581/591 NHS ester is a bright, red fluorescent dye (excitation: 581 nm; emission: 591 nm). BODIPY-581/591 NHS ester can be used for the labeling of amine containing biomolecules.

NBD-F (4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan) is a pro-fluorescent reagent which is developed for amino acid analysis. NBD-F reacts with primary or secondary amines to produce a fluorescent product and used for analysis of amino acids and low molecular weight amines.

7-Dimethylaminocoumarin-4-acetic acid is a fluorescent probe.

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) serves as the parent structure of coumarin-based blue fluorescent dyes, and its activated form AMCA-NHS can directly conjugate with proteins (Ex/Em ≈ 350/440-460).

Cyanine5 NHS ester chloride is a red emitting fluorescent dye for labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides.

5-ROX (5-Carboxy-X-rhodamine), a rhodamine dye, exhibits strong fluorescence property in aqueous buffer with the λ_exit of 580 nm (ε=3.6×10⁴ M^-1 cm^-1), and λ_emit of 604 nm (=0.94).

AMCA,SE (7-Amino-4-methyl-3-coumarinacetic acid N-succinimidyl ester) is a bright blue fluorescent dye. AMCA,SE reacts with amino groups and is excited by ultraviolet light. AMCA,SE can be used for amine reactive labeling (Ex/Em = 354/440 nm).

DNP-X, SE (6-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)aminohexanoic acid, succinimidyl ester), the DNP-X acid modified by succinimidyl ester, is an amine-reactive building block for developing a probe, which can be recognized by anti-DNP antibodies. DNP-X, SE (6-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)aminohexanoic acid, succinimidyl ester) is also an excellent amine-reactive FRET quencher paired with Trp or Tyr.

DEAC, SE (7-Diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxy acid, SE) is an amine-reactive fluorescent succinimidyl ester (NHS ester) dye that is excitable by a 405 nm laser and emits blue fluorescence. DEAC, SE covalently couples with APTES, incorporates into organosilica colloids through co-condensation with TPM or other silane coupling agents, and can also be used for post-synthetic infiltration labeling of porous titanium dioxide protrusions and covalent binding with surface hydroxyl groups. DEAC, SE is used for fluorescent labeling of colloidal particles and confocal microscopy imaging studies.

Cyanine5 NHS ester iodide is a red emitting fluorescent dye for labeling of amino-groups in peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides.

5(6)-ROX (5(6)-Carboxy-X-rhodamine) is a nucleic acid fluorescent label which can be used as a reference dye for real-time polymerase chain reaction (Em/Ex = 605/585 nm).

6-TAMRA-SE (6-TAMRA-NHS ester) is a fluorescent dye carrying the amine reactive group. 6-TAMRA-SE is one of the traditional fluorophores used for automated DNA sequencing.

1,4-Dichloro 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine is a fluorescence labeling agent (Ex=541 nm, Em=568 nm).

CY5-YNE (Sulfo-Cyanine5-alkyne) is a class of near-infrared fluorescent dye derivatives used in research related to the labeling of proteins, peptides, nucleic acids, and nanomaterials. CY5-YNE is a click chemistry reagent. It contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups. CY5-YNE exhibits photostable emission properties in imaging applications, enabling covalent labeling of azide-modified substrates.

NBD-X, SE, the acceptor fluorophore, can be used to create environment sensitive bioconjugates.