2. Apoptosis Anti-infection
  3. Ferroptosis Bacterial
  4. Ferrous gluconate

Ferrous gluconate is a highly water-soluble iron-containing agent with high bioavailability and bactericidal activity. As a non-heme iron, Ferrous gluconate is used for meat product fortification and improvement of iron deficiency anemia. Ferrous gluconate induces ferroptosis in E. coli through Fe2+ infiltration, reactive oxygen species burst, lipid peroxidation and direct interaction with DNA. Ferrous gluconate also downregulates the SOS responsive transcriptional repressor LexA. In addition, Ferrous gluconate regulates multiple key pathways in E. coli such as fatty acid metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster assembly and pyruvate metabolism, and is applied in studies related to *E. coli* infection and iron deficiency anemia.

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Ferrous gluconate

Ferrous gluconate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 299-29-6

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

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Ferrous gluconate Related Antibodies

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Description

Ferrous gluconate is a highly water-soluble iron-containing agent with high bioavailability and bactericidal activity. As a non-heme iron, Ferrous gluconate is used for meat product fortification and improvement of iron deficiency anemia. Ferrous gluconate induces ferroptosis in E. coli through Fe2+ infiltration, reactive oxygen species burst, lipid peroxidation and direct interaction with DNA. Ferrous gluconate also downregulates the SOS responsive transcriptional repressor LexA. In addition, Ferrous gluconate regulates multiple key pathways in E. coli such as fatty acid metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster assembly and pyruvate metabolism, and is applied in studies related to *E. coli* infection and iron deficiency anemia[1][2].

In Vitro

Ferrous gluconate (12.5-400 μM; 1-9 h) potently kills E. coli MG1655, EHEC O157:H7 and ETEC H10407[1].
Ferrous gluconate (200 μM; 6 h) induces intracellular ROS burst in E. coli MG1655, and this ROS burst is involved in Ferrous gluconate-mediated cell death[1].
Ferrous gluconate (200 μM; 6 h) induces intracellular lipid peroxidation in E. coli MG1655, but attenuation of this lipid peroxidation does not reduce ferrous gluconate-mediated cell death[1].
Ferrous gluconate (200 μM; 6 h) increases the level of labile Fe2+ in E. coli MG1655 cells, where gluconate facilitates Fe2+ uptake into cells to accelerate cell death[1].
Ferrous gluconate (200 μM; 6 h) induces DNA damage in E. coli MG1655 and directly interacts with purified E. coli genomic DNA at concentrations ≥1 mM[1].
Ferrous gluconate (200 μM; 1 h) alters the proteome of E. coli MG1655, affecting pathways associated with lipid metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster assembly, and DNA damage response, including downregulation of the SOS repressor LexA[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Ferrous gluconate Related Antibodies

Cell Viability Assay[1]

Cell Line: E. coli MG1655, EHEC O157:H7, ETEC H10407
Concentration: 12.5 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM, 400 μM
Incubation Time: 9 h
Result: Showed over 99.9% mortality at 200 μM for 6 h, with ΔrecA mutant E. coli being more sensitive to ferrous gluconate than wild-type MG1655.
In Vivo

Ferrous gluconate (60.0 mg/kg diet; dietary; ad libitum; 28 days)-enriched pate administered ad libitum to growing Wistar rats for 28 days supports normal iron bioavailability, with a 49.79% apparent iron absorption rate and no significant differences in iron status markers compared to the control diet[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Wistar rats (3-week-old weanling, half male and half female, initial body weight 40.5 g)[2]
Dosage: 60.0 mg/kg diet
Administration: dietary; ad libitum; 28 days
Result: Reached final body weight of 183.13 g.
Showed significantly higher food intake than control during days 7-14 (15.84 g/day), days 14-21 (18.71 g/day), and days 21-28 (19.62 g/day).
Reached haemoglobin value of 14.0 g/100 mL, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) of 4.6.
Showed no statistically significant differences compared to control for liver/spleen iron content, apparent iron absorption, %A/I, haemoglobin, or TIBC.
Molecular Weight

446.14

Formula

C12H22FeO14
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

SMILES

O=C1[O-][Fe+2]2([OH]C1C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)[O-]C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)[OH]2)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (224.14 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.2414 mL 11.2072 mL 22.4145 mL
5 mM 0.4483 mL 2.2414 mL 4.4829 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.25%

SDS (392 KB)

COA (248 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 2.2414 mL 11.2072 mL 22.4145 mL 56.0362 mL
5 mM 0.4483 mL 2.2414 mL 4.4829 mL 11.2072 mL
10 mM 0.2241 mL 1.1207 mL 2.2414 mL 5.6036 mL
15 mM 0.1494 mL 0.7471 mL 1.4943 mL 3.7357 mL
20 mM 0.1121 mL 0.5604 mL 1.1207 mL 2.8018 mL
25 mM 0.0897 mL 0.4483 mL 0.8966 mL 2.2414 mL
30 mM 0.0747 mL 0.3736 mL 0.7471 mL 1.8679 mL
40 mM 0.0560 mL 0.2802 mL 0.5604 mL 1.4009 mL
50 mM 0.0448 mL 0.2241 mL 0.4483 mL 1.1207 mL
60 mM 0.0374 mL 0.1868 mL 0.3736 mL 0.9339 mL
80 mM 0.0280 mL 0.1401 mL 0.2802 mL 0.7005 mL
100 mM 0.0224 mL 0.1121 mL 0.2241 mL 0.5604 mL
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Ferrous gluconate Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Ferrous gluconate299-29-6FerroptosisBacterialfatty acid metabolismWistar ratsreactive oxygen speciesEscherichia coliferroptosisα-linolenic acid metabolismlipid peroxidationiron-sulfur cluster assemblyLexAiron deficiency anaemiaInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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