Cat. No.: HY-14808

Adarotene

(Synonyms: ST1926)

14 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 14 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Adarotene is an effective apoptosis inducer, which surprisingly produces DNA damage and exhibites a potent antiproliferative activity on a large panel of human tumor cells.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.15%
CAS No.: 496868-77-0
Formula: C₂₅H₂₆O₃
Molecular Weight:374.47

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Adarotene Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 496868-77-0

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (14)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Adarotene is an effective apoptosis inducer, which surprisingly produces DNA damage and exhibites a potent antiproliferative activity on a large panel of human tumor cells.

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A2780	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on A2780/DX cell line Antiproliferative effect of compound on A2780/DX cell line	[PMID: 12620066]
A-431	IC₅₀	0.12 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells incubated for 24 hrs drug exposure measured after 48 hrs of recovery by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells incubated for 24 hrs drug exposure measured after 48 hrs of recovery by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 22365912]
A-431	IC₅₀	0.25 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on A431 cell line expressing mutant p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on A431 cell line expressing mutant p53	[PMID: 12620066]
COS-7	EC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 2	Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor gamma in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.3) Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor gamma in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.3)	[PMID: 16033272]
COS-7	EC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: 2	Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor alpha in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.4) Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor alpha in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.4)	[PMID: 16033272]
COS-7	EC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: 2	Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor beta in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.3) Effective concentration against retinoic acid receptor beta in COS-7 cells co-expressing DR5-tk-CAT reporter; value range (0.1-0.3)	[PMID: 16033272]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on DU145 cell line expressing mutant p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on DU145 cell line expressing mutant p53	[PMID: 12620066]
GBM	IC₅₀	0.18 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on GBM cell line expressing mutant p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on GBM cell line expressing mutant p53	[PMID: 12620066]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.32 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on HCT116 cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on HCT116 cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]
IGROV-1	IC₅₀	0.23 μM Compound: 1, ST1926	Antiproliferative activity against human IGROV1 cells after 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human IGROV1 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 17512204]
IGROV-1	IC₅₀	0.23 μM Compound: 2	Concentration of compound required for inhibition of (IGROV-1) human ovarian carcinoma cell growth by 50% Concentration of compound required for inhibition of (IGROV-1) human ovarian carcinoma cell growth by 50%	[PMID: 16033272]
IGROV-1	IC₅₀	0.23 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on IGROV-1 cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on IGROV-1 cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]
IGROV-1	IC₅₀	0.4 μM Compound: 1, ST1926	Antiproliferative activity against human cisplatin-resistant IGROV1/Pt1 cells with p53 mutation after 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human cisplatin-resistant IGROV1/Pt1 cells with p53 mutation after 72 hrs	[PMID: 17512204]
LNCaP	IC₅₀	0.12 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on LNcaP cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on LNcaP cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]
LoVo	IC₅₀	0.15 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on LoVo cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on LoVo cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]
Me665/2/21	IC₅₀	0.25 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on Me665/2/21 cell line expressing mutant p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on Me665/2/21 cell line expressing mutant p53	[PMID: 12620066]
NB-4	IC₅₀	0.082 μM Compound: 1, ST1926	Antiproliferative activity against human NB4 cells after 72 hrs Antiproliferative activity against human NB4 cells after 72 hrs	[PMID: 17512204]
NB-4	IC₅₀	0.082 μM Compound: 2	Concentration of compound required for inhibition of (NB4) human promyelocytic leukemia cell growth by 50% Concentration of compound required for inhibition of (NB4) human promyelocytic leukemia cell growth by 50%	[PMID: 16033272]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	0.19 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on H460 cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on H460 cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells incubated for 24 hrs drug exposure measured after 48 hrs of recovery by sulforhodamine B assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells incubated for 24 hrs drug exposure measured after 48 hrs of recovery by sulforhodamine B assay	[PMID: 22365912]
PC-3	IC₅₀	0.21 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on PC3 cell line Antiproliferative effect of compound on PC3 cell line	[PMID: 12620066]
SAOS-2	IC₅₀	0.25 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on SAOS cell line Antiproliferative effect of compound on SAOS cell line	[PMID: 12620066]
U2OS	IC₅₀	0.26 μM Compound: 4	Antiproliferative effect of compound on U2OS cell line expressing wild-type p53 Antiproliferative effect of compound on U2OS cell line expressing wild-type p53	[PMID: 12620066]

In Vitro

Adarotene causes a dose-dependent growth inhibition in a large panel of human tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ ranging from 0.1 to 0.3 μM. Adarotene causes cell accumulation in G1/S or S phase of cell cycle depending on tumor cells IGROV-1 and DU145^[1]. Adarotene is apoptotic and cytotoxic on a large spectrum of cancerous and leukemic cells, including freshly isolated AML blasts in primary culture. The molecular target of ST1926 apoptotic activity in myeloid leukemia cells is similar to the ligand-binding domain of RARγ. Adarotene treatment of cells results in rapid accumulation of intracellular calcium^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Adarotene (15, 20 mg/kg, p.o.) causes a significant tumor growth inhibition in a human ovarian carcinoma, A2780/DX, and in a human melanoma, MeWo, growing in nude mice^[1]. Adarotene (30, 40 mg/kg, p.o.) results in a significant and dose-dependent increase in the life span of NB4-bearing SCID mice without overt toxicity^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 496868-77-0
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 374.47
Formula C₂₅H₂₆O₃
Color White to green
SMILES

O=C(O)/C=C/C1=CC=C(C2=CC=C(O)C(C3(C4)CC5CC4CC(C5)C3)=C2)C=C1
Synonyms

ST1926
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (14)

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Journal Impact Factor

Science

Different repair pathways support intact or truncated insertions by R2 retrotransposon protein. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 26;391(6788):eadz3121. PMID: 41231928
Nat Biotechnol

Mapping multimodal phenotypes to perturbations in cells and tissue with CRISPRmap. [Abstract]

2025 Jul;43(7):1101-1115. PMID: 39375448
Nat Commun

DNA polymerase α/primase extraction from chromatin by VCP/p97 restricts ATR activation during unperturbed DNA replication. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 1;16(1):5706. PMID: 40593507
Nat Commun

DNA polymerase α-primase facilitates PARP inhibitor-induced fork acceleration and protects BRCA1-deficient cells against ssDNA gaps. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 27;15(1):7375. PMID: 39191785
Genes Dev

Role of 53BP1 in end protection and DNA synthesis at DNA breaks. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 1;35(19-20):1356-1367. PMID: 34503990
Biomed Pharmacother

ST1926 inhibits glioma progression through regulating mitochondrial complex II. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;128:110291. PMID: 32526455

Adarotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Aug;128:110291. [Abstract]

Western blot analysis of p-AMPKα, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K in ST1962 (2.5, 5 and 10 μM)-treated glioma cell lines for 24 h. AMPKα activation is markedly induced by ST1926 in a dose-dependent manner; phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and P70S6K expression levels are obviously down-regulated.

Adarotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Aug;128:110291. [Abstract]

Effects of ST1926 on retinoic acid (RA) pathway. Glioma cells are treated with ST1926 (2.5, 5 and 10 μM) for 24 h, immunofluorescence staining of CRABP2.
Cell Rep

Physiological Tolerance to ssDNA Enables Strand Uncoupling during DNA Replication. [Abstract]

2020 Feb 18;30(7):2416-2429.e7. PMID: 32075739
Int J Mol Sci

Exploring the Anti-Leukemic Effect of the Synthetic Retinoid ST1926 on Malignant T Cells: A Comprehensive Proteomics Approach. [Abstract]

2025 May 13;26(10):4651. PMID: 40429796
Nanomaterials

Novel ST1926 Nanoparticle Drug Formulation Enhances Drug Therapeutic Efficiency in Colorectal Cancer Xenografted Mice. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 23;14(17):1380. PMID: 39269042
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

HucMSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Deliver RPS27A Protein to Manipulate the MDM2-P53 Axis and Ameliorate Neurological Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]

2025 May 8;20(1):52. PMID: 40338442
Cell Physiol Biochem

Stimulation of Erythrocyte Cell Membrane Scrambling by Adarotene. [Abstract]

2017;41(2):519-529. PMID: 28214860

Adarotene purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Physiol Biochem. 2017;41(2):519-529. [Abstract]

Arithmetic means±SEM (n=10) of erythrocyte annexin-V-binding following incubation for 48 hours to Ringer solution without (white bar) or with (black bars) Adarotene (3-9 µM) or solvant DMSO alone (grey bar).
bioRxiv

2025 Nov 13.
bioRxiv

2024 Apr 25.
Patent

US20200190009A1

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (66.76 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

2.6704 mL

13.3522 mL

26.7044 mL

5 mM

0.5341 mL

2.6704 mL

5.3409 mL

10 mM

0.2670 mL

1.3352 mL

2.6704 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.68 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (6.68 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[2]

Briefly, cells (1×10⁷/mL) are loaded with 1 μM FURA-2 at 37°C in the dark for 30 minutes, washed twice, resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 1.26 mM CaCl₂ at 10⁶ cells/mL and then used for the experiments. Dual excitation, alternating at 340 nm and 380 nm, is provided by a spectrophotofluorometer equipped with 2 excitation monochromators, and emission is fixed at 480 nm. The temperature is set at 37°C±1°C. In some experiments, to eliminate extracellular calcium, cells preloaded with FURA-2 are resuspended in PBS without Ca²⁺, and 0.5 mM EGTA (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid) is added to each sample prior to addition of the appropriate stimulus.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[2]

NB4 cells (3×10⁶) are intraperitoneally inoculated in SCID mice (8 mice/group). ST1926 is dissolved in cremophor/ethanol 1:1 solution, and diluted 1:10 in PBS at the concentration of 50 mg/kg; the doses of 30 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg are then prepared by appropriate dilutions in the same vehicle. ATRA is dissolved in the dark in Cremophor EL and kept magnetically stirred; the solution is then diluted 1:10 in PBS at the final concentration of 40 mg/kg. Both compounds are administered intraperitoneally and orally twice per day for 3 weeks starting from the day after cell inoculation, in a volume of 10 mL/kg. During treatments body weight and lethality are registered.

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (278 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Cincinelli R, et al. A novel atypical retinoid endowed with proapoptotic and antitumor activity. J Med Chem. 2003 Mar 13;46(6):909-12. [Content Brief]

[2]. Garattini E, et al. ST1926, a novel and orally active retinoid-related molecule inducing apoptosis in myeloid leukemia cells: modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Blood. 2004 Jan 1;103(1):194-207. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	2.6704 mL	13.3522 mL	26.7044 mL	66.7610 mL
	5 mM	0.5341 mL	2.6704 mL	5.3409 mL	13.3522 mL
	10 mM	0.2670 mL	1.3352 mL	2.6704 mL	6.6761 mL
	15 mM	0.1780 mL	0.8901 mL	1.7803 mL	4.4507 mL
	20 mM	0.1335 mL	0.6676 mL	1.3352 mL	3.3381 mL
	25 mM	0.1068 mL	0.5341 mL	1.0682 mL	2.6704 mL
	30 mM	0.0890 mL	0.4451 mL	0.8901 mL	2.2254 mL
	40 mM	0.0668 mL	0.3338 mL	0.6676 mL	1.6690 mL
	50 mM	0.0534 mL	0.2670 mL	0.5341 mL	1.3352 mL
	60 mM	0.0445 mL	0.2225 mL	0.4451 mL	1.1127 mL

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Adarotene

Apoptosis Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Cell Death Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Adarotene

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (14)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Adarotene

Apoptosis Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Cell Death Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library Max

MCE Bioactive Compound Library

Bioactive Compound Library

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Compound Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Adarotene

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (14)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Adarotene Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-14808