Cat. No.: HY-N0538

Xylitol

(Synonyms: Xylite)

Customer Review

Based on 1 Customer Validation

Xylitol can be classified as a polyol and sugar alcohol, exhibiting inhibitory activity on cancer cell proliferation. It induces autophagy (Autophagy) and cell death in A549 cells by activating the autophagy signaling pathway, as evidenced by the increased expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12 upon Xylitol treatment. Additionally, Xylitol inhibits acetaldehyde production by Candida species, thereby reducing their carcinogenic potential. In vivo, Xylitol induces alterations in the gut microbiota of mice, which may enhance cholesterol accumulation and upregulate hepatic ChREBP, while also slowing tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.5%
CAS No.: 87-99-0
Formula: C₅H₁₂O₅
Molecular Weight:152.15

Storage:

Store at room temperature 3 years.

In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Xylitol Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 87-99-0

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Top Publications Citing

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
- Clinical Trial
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target

Human Endogenous Metabolite

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

In Vitro

Xylitol (0.125% - 32%, 72 h) inhibits proliferation of A549, Caki, NCI-H23, HCT-15, HL-60, K562, and SK MEL-2 cells, with IC₅₀ ranging from 3.9% to 8.2%, and K562 being the most sensitive. Normal cells exhibited higher tolerance to Xylitol^[3].
Xylitol (6%, 24 h) induces cell death and autophagy in A549 cells^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[3]

Cell Line:

A549 (lung cancer), Caki (kidney cancer), NCI-H23 (lung cancer), HCT-15 (colorectal cancer), HL-60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia),SK MEL-2 (melanoma)
Concentration:

0.125% - 32% (cells were cultured in 96-well plates at 10⁴ cells/well)
Incubation Time:

72 h
Result:

Inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, IC₅₀ values for each cell line: A549 (6.0%), Caki (7.5%), NCI-H23 (8.2%), HCT-15 (5.4%), HL-60 (4.7%), K562 (3.9%, most sensitive), SK MEL-2 (6.8%). IC₅₀ for normal HGF cells was significantly higher than that for cancer cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[3]

Cell Line:

A549 (lung cancer)
Concentration:

6% (cells were cultured in 96-well plates at 10⁴ cells/well)
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Increased the expression of LC3-II and Atg5-Atg12, indicating activation of the autophagy pathway.

In Vivo

Xylitol (20%, i.t. (75%) + s.c. (25%), once daily for 2 weeks) transiently inhibits tumor growth in the B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model, but fails to sustain inhibition, likely due to solution leakage^[1].
Xylitol (40 mg/kg and 194 mg/kg, drinking water intake, once daily for 16-18 weeks) modifies gut microbiota composition in HFD-fed C57Bl/6J mice but does not ameliorate HFD-induced dyslipidemia^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

High-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota and lipid metabolism changes in C57Bl/6J mice^[2]
Dosage:

40 mg/kg, 194 mg/kg
Administration:

Drinking water intake (ad libitum), once daily for 16-18 weeks
Result:

Low-dose (40 mg/kg) and medium-dose (194 mg/kg): significantly altered the composition of fecal microbiota in mice.
Medium-dose: decreased the abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and Barnesiella genus, while increased the abundance of Firmicutes phylum and Prevotella genus.
Did not affect body weight, hepatic and serum lipid parameters, oral glucose tolerance, or luminal metabolites.

Animal Model:

B16F10 melanoma C57BL/6 mouse model^[1]
Dosage:

20% Xylitol solution
Administration:

Intratumoral injection (i.t.) 75%; Subcutaneous (peritumoral) injection (s.c.) 25%, once daily for 14 days
Result:

Significantly inhibited B16F10 melanoma growth during the first 5 days (p < 0.05), with a ~40% reduction in tumor volume. (After 5 days, tumor stromal degradation led to leakage of the Xylitol solution, allowing tumor regrowth, making it comparable to the control group.)

Clinical Trial

NCT Number	Sponsor	Condition	Start Date	Phase A549
NCT01329991	Plexxikon\|		2011-05	PHASE1

Chemical Information

CAS No. 87-99-0
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 152.15
Formula C₅H₁₂O₅
Color White to off-white
SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO
Synonyms

Xylite
Structure Classification
- Saccharides
- Monosaccharides
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 110 mg/mL (722.97 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (657.25 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.5725 mL

32.8623 mL

65.7246 mL

5 mM

1.3145 mL

6.5725 mL

13.1449 mL

10 mM

0.6572 mL

3.2862 mL

6.5725 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start) Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start) Volume _(start)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (21.36 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (21.36 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (21.36 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 3.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (32.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:

It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.

The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS

Solubility: 50 mg/mL (328.62 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.

The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact

MedChemExpress (MCE) .

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Cannon M, et al. Effects of Xylitol on Tumor Progression in Syngeneic Mice Cancer Models[J]. Nutraceuticals, 2025, 5(1): 4.

[2]. Uebanso T, et al. Effects of consuming xylitol on gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in mice[J]. Nutrients, 2017, 9(7): 756. [Content Brief]

[3]. Park E, et al. Xylitol induces cell death in lung cancer A549 cells by autophagy. Biotechnol Lett. 2015 May;37(5):983-90. [Content Brief]

[4]. Uittamo J, et al. Xylitol inhibits carcinogenic acetaldehyde production by Candida species. Int J Cancer. 2011 Oct 15;129(8):2038-41. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / H₂O	1 mM	6.5725 mL	32.8623 mL	65.7246 mL	164.3115 mL
	5 mM	1.3145 mL	6.5725 mL	13.1449 mL	32.8623 mL
	10 mM	0.6572 mL	3.2862 mL	6.5725 mL	16.4312 mL
	15 mM	0.4382 mL	2.1908 mL	4.3816 mL	10.9541 mL
	20 mM	0.3286 mL	1.6431 mL	3.2862 mL	8.2156 mL
	25 mM	0.2629 mL	1.3145 mL	2.6290 mL	6.5725 mL
	30 mM	0.2191 mL	1.0954 mL	2.1908 mL	5.4771 mL
	40 mM	0.1643 mL	0.8216 mL	1.6431 mL	4.1078 mL
	50 mM	0.1314 mL	0.6572 mL	1.3145 mL	3.2862 mL
	60 mM	0.1095 mL	0.5477 mL	1.0954 mL	2.7385 mL
	80 mM	0.0822 mL	0.4108 mL	0.8216 mL	2.0539 mL
	100 mM	0.0657 mL	0.3286 mL	0.6572 mL	1.6431 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Xylitol

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All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Solvent & Solubility

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Xylitol Related Classifications

HY-N0538 Related Classifications