Indirubin
Based on 14 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Indirubin (Couroupitine B) is a bis-indole alkaloid and has emarkable anticancer activity against chronic myelocytic leukemia.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.37%
- CAS No.: 479-41-4
- Formula: C16H10N2O2
- Molecular Weight:262.26
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Indirubin
More- Phytomedicine. 2024 Aug:131:155758. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep. 2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. [Abstract]
- Cancer Cell Int. 2021 Jun 5;21(1):291. [Abstract]
- J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 May 23:326:117778. [Abstract]
- Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
- Biomater Sci. 2022 May 4;10(9):2215-2223. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2026 Apr 15;27(8):3530. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 13;16(1):5155. [Abstract]
- Nutr Metab. 2020 Mar 16:17:21. [Abstract]
- Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2023;26(9):1047-1052. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Apr 14.
- Res Sq. 2025 Nov 12.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 2.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Jun 29.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Apoptosis Analysis
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WB
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
Biological Activity
Indirubin (Couroupitine B) significantly inhibits Td-EC proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) line; tumor-derived endothelial cells (Td-EC).
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Concentration:5, 10μM
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Incubation Time:24, 48, 72 hours
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Result:Inhibited Td-EC proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) line; tumor-derived endothelial cells (Td-EC).
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Concentration:5μM
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Incubation Time:overnight
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Result:Inhibited Td-EC migration, invasion, and angiogenesis.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Male mice (C57BL/6) [3]
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Dosage:12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg
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Administration:Indirubin (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injected; once a day for 14 days)
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Result:Attenuated alterations of lung structure induced by BLM.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 479-41-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 262.26
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Formula C16H10N2O2
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Color Brown to reddish brown
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SMILES
O=C1NC2=C(C=CC=C2)/C1=C3NC4=C(C=CC=C4)C\3=O
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Synonyms
Couroupitine B; Indigo red; Indigopurpurin
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (14)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Phytomedicine
Tryptanthrin suppresses multiple inflammasome activation to regulate NASH progression by targeting ASC protein. [Abstract]2024 Aug:131:155758. PMID: 38843643 -
Cell Rep
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-induced activation of AIM2 inflammasome is mediated by MOMP and MPT: A vital therapeutic pathway for inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Dec 10;44(12):116673. PMID: 41385364 -
Cancer Cell Int
Construction of a prognostic model with histone modification-related genes and identification of potential drugs in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jun 5;21(1):291. PMID: 34090418 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Research on different compound combinations of Realgar-Indigo naturalis formula to reverse acute promyelocytic leukemia arsenic resistance by regulating autophagy through mTOR pathway. [Abstract]2024 May 23:326:117778. PMID: 38310990 -
Drug Des Devel Ther
Combining Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Validation to Explore the Effects and Mechanisms of Indirubin on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. [Abstract]2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. PMID: 39991083
Indirubin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
Effect of Indirubin (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50 μM) on ALL cell proliferation. The CCK8 assay examined the inhibitory effect of Indirubin on the activity of ALL cell lines BALL-1 and Jurkat cells after treatment at different concentrations for 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Indirubin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
EdU assay to detect the effect of Indirubin (1, 5, 10 μM) on the proliferative capacity of ALL cells.
Indirubin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
Effect of Indirubin (1, 5, 10 μM) on apoptosis in ALL cells.
Indirubin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
Western blotting indicated that the expression of caspase 3 remains unchanged, whereas the expression of Bax and cleaved-caspase 3 increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased treated with Indirubin (1, 5,10 μM).
Indirubin purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2025 Feb 18:19:1083-1103. [Abstract]
Tumor weight after 3 weeks of Indirubin (25 mg/kg, i.g.) treatment.
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Biomater Sci
Therapeutic effect of indirubin-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticules on ulcerative colitis. [Abstract]2022 May 4;10(9):2215-2223. PMID: 35322266 -
Int J Mol Sci
AHR/NRF2 Dual Agonist Prediction and Natural Compound Screening Based on Machine Learning: A New Strategy for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 15;27(8):3530. PMID: 42074173 -
Sci Rep
Indirubin treatment was associated with modulation of the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways and induction of apoptosis and autophagy. [Abstract]2026 Jan 13;16(1):5155. PMID: 41530396 -
Nutr Metab
Indirubin, a small molecular deriving from connectivity map (CMAP) screening, ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction by enhancing brown adipose thermogenesis and white adipose browning. [Abstract]2020 Mar 16:17:21. PMID: 32190098 -
Iran J Basic Med Sci
Indirubin alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by regulation of TGF-β-mediated signaling pathways. [Abstract]2023;26(9):1047-1052. PMID: 37605732 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 5 mg/mL (19.07 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1 mg/mL (3.81 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (10.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (284 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Kim MH, et al. Indirubin, a purple 3,2- bisindole, inhibited allergic contact dermatitis via regulating T helper (Th)-mediated immune system in DNCB-induced model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Jan 9;145(1):214-9. [Content Brief]
[2]. Hsieh WL, et al. Indirubin, an acting component of indigo naturalis, inhibits EGFR activation and EGF-induced CDC25B gene expression in epidermal keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci. 2012 Aug;67(2):140-6. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zhang X, et al. Indirubin inhibits tumor growth by antitumor angiogenesis via blocking VEGFR2-mediated JAK/STAT3 signaling in endothelial cell. Int J Cancer. 2011 Nov 15;129(10):2502-11. [Content Brief]
[4]. Alex D, et al. Indirubin shows anti-angiogenic activity in an in vivo zebrafish model and an in vitro HUVEC model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Sep 15;131(2):242-7. [Content Brief]
[5]. Li, Zhuohong, et al. Indirubin inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in tumor-derived endothelial cells. OncoTargets and therapy vol. 11 2937-2944. 18 May. 2018. [Content Brief]
[6]. Mohan, Lakshmi, et al. Indirubin, a bis-indole alkaloid binds to tubulin and exhibits antimitotic activity against HeLa cells in synergism with vinblastine. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018 Sep;105:506-517. [Content Brief]
[7]. Wang, Qi, et al. Indirubin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by suppressing fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Biomedicine pharmacotherapy vol. 131 (2020): 110715. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.8130 mL | 19.0650 mL | 38.1301 mL | 95.3252 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7626 mL | 3.8130 mL | 7.6260 mL | 19.0650 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3813 mL | 1.9065 mL | 3.8130 mL | 9.5325 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2542 mL | 1.2710 mL | 2.5420 mL | 6.3550 mL |
Indirubin Related Classifications
HY-N0117 Related Classifications
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