Hydroxy Fatty Acids

3-Methylcrotonyl CoA is a key metabolic intermediate in the leucine degradation pathway, converted to 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA by 3-Methylcrotonyl CoA Carboxylase. Normally, 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA is catalyzed by 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase into 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG CoA). However, mutations in 3-Methylglutaconyl-CoA Hydratase lead to the accumulation of 3-Methylglutaconyl CoA, causing metabolic disorders associated with 3MGA-uria. 3-Methylcrotonyl CoA is useful for research into metabolic diseases related to the leucine degradation pathway.

2,4-Dihydroxybutanoic acid is typically absent in normal human urine extracts and is found only in trace amounts in neonates, while cases of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency consistently exhibit elevated levels of this metabolite.

12(S)-Hydroxy-16-heptadecynoic acid ((12S)-12-Hydroxy-15-hexadecynoic acid) is a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase. It inhibits prostaglandin ω-hydroxylase with a Ki value of 1.8 μM.

Hypusine is a natural amino acid. The post-translational synthesis of hypusine is mainly catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (DOHH).

6,7-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is an ester product.

(R)-2-Hydroxybutanoic acid ((R)-α-Hydroxybutyric acid) sodium is the R-isomer of 2-Hydroxybutyric acid (HY-113381), and can be used as an experimental control. 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is converted from 2-Aminobutyric acid, with 2-oxobutyric acid as an intermediate metabolite.

β-Dimorphecolic acid is an ester product.

(9Z,12Z)-15-Hydroxyoctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid (15(R)-Hydroxy-9(Z),12(Z)-octadecadienoic acid) is an ester product.

6-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid is an ester product.

7(R)-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is an ester product.

(S)-13-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid ((13S)-13-Hydroxyoctadecanoic acid) is an ester product.

(S,9E,11Z,14Z)-8-Hydroxyicosa-9,11,14-trienoic acid is an ester product.

erythro-9,10-Dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid is an ester product.

9,12,13-Trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid is an ester product.

9(S),10(S),11(R)-Trihydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid is an ester product.

Linoleoyl-CoA (Linoleoyl Coenzyme A) is a long-chain acyl-CoA ester formed from linoleic acid and coenzyme A. Linoleoyl-CoA serves as a key activated fatty acid intermediate involved in lipid biosynthesis, fatty acid β-oxidation and the regulation of cellular metabolism. Elevated levels of Linoleoyl-CoA in skeletal muscle correlate with increased lipid availability, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation and can be used for activity assays of acyl-CoA synthetases, acyltransferases and fatty acid metabolic enzymes.

13(S)-Hydroxy-6(Z),9(Z),11(E)-octadecatrienoic acid is an ester product.

9-Hydroxy-10-oxo-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid ((Z)-9-Hydroxy-10-oxooctadec-12-enoic acid) is an ester product.

9,10,16-Trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid is an ester product.

13 (S)-HOTrE is an oxylipin metabolite of α-Linolenic acid (HY-N0728). 13 (S)-HOTrE mediates the inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through the PPAR-γ pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects. 13 (S)-HOTrE inhibits NF-κB nuclear translocation, ROS production, autophagy and IL-1β levels, induces apoptosis, and increases IL-10 levels. 13 (S)-HOTrE alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages, prolongs the survival time of septic mice, and regulates the immunometabolic phenotype in parenteral nutrition mouse models. 13 (S)-HOTrE can be used in the research of immune and inflammation-related diseases.