Phosphatidylethanolamines (PE)

DOPE (Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine; 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is an orally active inhibitor of ferroptosis with anti-inflammatory and intestinal barrier maintenance activities. DOPE regulates the expression of ACSL4, SLC7A11 and GPX4 to restore the redox system balance, thereby reducing the levels of lipid peroxides, iron ions and intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-1β and IL-6). DOPE promotes the migration and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells and increases the level of tight junction proteins; it also destabilizes endosomal membranes, mediates the conjugation of RVG peptides with mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes to enhance brain targeting. DOPE can be applied to research related to neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis and Alzheimer's disease.

1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (LysoPE 18:1) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine molecule involved in phospholipid metabolism, targeting cell membrane receptors (such as G protein-coupled receptors) to regulate cell signaling pathways. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine may activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, promote cell migration, regulate inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, and has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities. 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is mainly used in the screening of biomarkers for metabolic diseases (such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity), as well as the study of the mechanism of lysophospholipids in cell membrane homeostasis and signal transduction.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-POPE; 16:0-18:1 PE) is a phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) lipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can induce lipid bilayer to form a hexagonal phase (HII) structure in an acidic environment and promote membrane fusion. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can enhance the endosomal escape ability of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and improve the cellular delivery efficiency of nucleic acid drugs such as mRNA. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for LNP carrier targeting of gene therapy and mRNA vaccines.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) is a phosphoethanolamine (PE) lipid that can be used in the synthesis of liposomes.

18:0 LYSO-PE is a lysophospholipid that can induce [Ca²⁺]_i increase.

DPhPC is a phospholipid compound characterized by high mechanical and chemical stability, broad temperature phase stability, and high electrical resistance. DPhPC readily forms unilamellar vesicles and solid-supported bilayers. DPhPC is commonly used as a component of nanoliposomal drug carriers or as a model membrane material for studies on membrane proteins/ion channels.

18:0-18:2 PE (1-Stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) is a glycerophospholipid compound and an essential component of biological cell membranes. 18:0-18:2 PE possesses biological activities including regulation of phospholipid metabolism, antioxidant activity, maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, immune protection, and regulation of signaling pathways. 18:0-18:2 PE in the hot processing process, its unsaturated fatty acids will degrade to form a variety of odor active compounds. 18:0-18:2 PE can be applied in food processing and research on phospholipid metabolism-related diseases.

DPyPE is a neutral phosphatidylethanolamine lipid composed of a polyisoprene alkyl chain with two pyridine-containing phosphine ligands. DPyPE is mainly used in liposome formulations and to enhance the efficiency of gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. For example, DPyPE can be mixed with cationic lipids such as VC1052 (HY-156616) (in a 1:1 ratio) to form the vaccine adjuvant Vaxfectin (HY-142998). DPyPE assists VC1052 in binding to negatively charged pDNA to form a uniform liposome complex by regulating the fluidity and stability of the liposome membrane.

LysoPE (18:2/0:0) is a lysophosphatidylethanolamine implicated in phospholipid metabolism. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) shows significantly altered serum levels in mice exposed to a combination of DEHP (HY-B1945) and Aroclor 1254, which is associated with disturbed phospholipid metabolism. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) can be used for the research of endocrine-disrupting compound-induced metabolic disorders and lipid metabolism disturbance. LysoPE (18:2/0:0) is identified as a potential biomarker for the combined toxicity of DEHP and Aroclor 1254.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a phospholipid that is a major component of the lipid bilayer that surrounds cells and provides stability to the membrane.

1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl PE; (1-Palmitoyl, 2-linoleoyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine; (1-Palmitoyl, 2-linoleoyl)-phosphoethanolamine) is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipid with a palmitoyl chain at sn-1 and a linoleoyl chain at sn-2, and an oxidation-prone substrate. 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE undergoes glycation and subsequent oxidation via Fenton system, forming long-chain and short-chain products at C-7, C-8, C-9, C-12 of its sn-2 acyl chain and glycated polar head. 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE’s glycated form oxidizes more quickly than non-glycated phosphatidylethanolamines and contributes to increased oxidative stress modifications. 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE can be used for the research of drug delivery.

16:0-18:1 PE-d₃₁ is deuterium labeled 16:0-18:1 PE.

1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE is a naturally occurring lysophospholipid. 1-Palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-PE also acts as an immune response regulator and toxicity alleviator produced by Microcystis aeruginosa under Cu²⁺ stress.

1-1(Z)-Octadecenyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (18:0p/20:4-PE; C18(Plasm)-20:4-PE) is a plasmalogen that contains 1(Z)-octadecenoic acid and arachidonic acid (HY-109590) at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively.

1-Palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (PAPE), a compound isolated from egg yolk with antioxidant activity related to the unsaturated fatty acid content, was extracted, purified, and analyzed by various techniques.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) is a PE-based synthetic phospholipid that can intercalate with other amphiphilic molecules to form stable bilayers at physiological pH. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylethanolamine can be used in drug delivery research.

1-Stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine is a phospholipids that contains stearic acid and oleic acid at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions, respectively. It has been used in the generation of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for in vitro delivery of mRNA or nuclear-targeted plasmid DNA.

1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (SAPE) is a fluorescent reporter that specifically binds biotin. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine produces a detectable fluorescent signal to quantify target factors. 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine can be used for the research of primary liver cancer, cervical cancer.

DSPE-pSar50 (DSPE-Polysarcosine50) is a pSar-lipid derivative. DSPE-pSar50 is a hydrophilic alternative to PEG and can be used in drug delivery research.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N,N-dimethylethanolamine has been used in the generation of liposomes and monolayers for use in the study of membrane permeability and monolayer viscosity, respectively.