Sphingolipids

Psychosine (Galactosylsphingosine), a substrate of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme, is a potential biomarker for Krabbe disease. Psychosine is a highly cytotoxic lipid, capable of inducing cell death in a wide variety of cell types including, most relevantly to globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD), oligodendrocytes. Psychosine causes cell death at least in part via apoptosis. Psychosine also is an inhibitor of PKC.

C6 NBD Ceramide is a Golgi apparatus fluorescent probe with cell membrane permeability. C6 NBD Ceramide can be used for fast and convenient green fluorescent labeling of Golgi in living and fixed cells, and can be used to observe changes in Golgi morphology in living cells (Ex=466 nm, Em=536 nm). C6-NBD-ceramide is metabolized to fluorescent sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide, can be used for the study of sphingolipid transport and metabolic mechanism.

N-palmitoyl-D-sphingomyelin (sphingomyelin 16:0) is a component of LDL-carrying liposomes. N-palmitoyl-D-sphingomyelin can be used in colorectal cancer research.

Ceramide 3B is a semi-synthetic ceramide. Ceramide 3B forms crystals in the lipid phase of oil-in-water emulsions. Ceramide 3B can be used in skin cosmetic emulsions. Ceramide 3B is applicable to the study of irritant contact dermatitis.

C18:1-Ceramide is a ceramide subspecies belonging to bioactive lipids. C18:1-Ceramide exhibits activities of inducing skeletal muscle insulin resistance and affecting metabolism. C18:1-Ceramide can be used in the research of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), insulin resistance and other related metabolic diseases.

Galactosylceramide (GalC) is a galactosylceramide that has been implicated in many physiological and pathological phenomena. For example, important lysosomal storage disorders such as Gaucher disease (GD) and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by GlcCer accumulation.

N,N-Dimethylsphingosine is a sphingosine kinase inhibitor. N,N-Dimethylsphingosine binds competitively to sphingosine kinase and blocks the conversion of sphingosine to sphingosine-1-phosphate. N,N-Dimethylsphingosine inhibits sphingosine-1-phosphate release and aggregation of platelets, and also exerts pro-apoptotic effects by resetting ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate homeostasis. N,N-Dimethylsphingosine can be used in cancer-related research.

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is a bioactive lipid and a major component of plasma high-density lipoprotein that binds to OGR1 with a K_d of 33.3 nM. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine triggers delayed phosphorylation of Smad2, upregulates α-SMA expression, and activates TRPM3. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine reduces Apoptosis and upregulates the expression of uPA and its receptor uPA-R. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine exerts anti-apoptotic, anti-cardiac hypertrophy and pro-wound healing effects. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces scratching behavior in mice. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine is used in studies related to atopic dermatitis, promyelocytic leukemia, heart failure, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and skin wound healing disorders in genetically impaired healing diabetes.

Sphinganine 1-phosphate (D-erythro-Dihydrosphingosine 1-phosphate) is a polar sphingolipid metabolite that regulates cell migration, differentiation, survival and complex physiological processes.

C24-Ceramide (d18:1/24:0) is a sphingolipid that can be used for the lipid membranes composed. C24-Ceramide (d18:1/24:0) induces time-dependent changes in membrane properties. C24-Ceramide (d18:1/24:0) induces membrane reorganization.

C6 NBD Glucosylceramide is a glucosylceramide fluorescent derivative (Ex=466 nm, Em=535 nm). C6 NBD Glucosylceramide can be used to study the metabolism and internalization of glucosylceramide and also for the determination of glucosyl ceramide synthase activity.

The Golgi apparatus is composed of flattened vesicles superimposed on each other by unit membranes. The flattened vesicles are round with expanded and perforated edges. The Golgi fluorescent probe is a BODIPY-labeled ceramide derivative, the synthesis of which occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and can then be transported to the Golgi via ceramide transport protein (CERT) or vesicular translocation, allowing specific labeling of the dye. BODIPY TR Ceramide (Golgi-Red Tracke) is a Golgi-specific fluorescent dye, which can visualise individual cells. Ex/Em=589 nm/616 nm.

Lactosylceramide (bovine buttermilk) (LacCer (bovine buttermilk)) is a sphingolipid that highly expressed on the plasma membranes of human phagocytes. Lactosylceramide mediates phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and superoxide generation.

GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) (C18 Glucosyl(β) ceramide (d18:1/18:0)) is a glycosphingolipids that activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting LRP6. GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) drives EMT, migration, invasion and GBA1-mediated liver cancer metastasis. GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) accumulates to impair lysosomal function and induce toxic α-synuclein aggregation. GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) supports growth, sporulation, germination and virulence in Penicillium digitatum. GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) is reduced in demyelinated mouse corpus callosum. GlcCer (d18:1/18:0) can be used for the research of liver cancer, synucleinopathies, fungal, Parkinson’s disease and Gaucher disease.

Sphingosine (d17:1) is a 17-carbon sphingosine found in human skin.

Ceramide 3 (N-Stearoyl phytosphingosine) is an orally active major component of intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum of the skin, and belongs to the ceramide family. Ceramide 3 inhibits c-jun and NF-κB activation induced by Histamine (HY-B1204), and suppresses the expression of IL-4 and TNF-α. Ceramide 3 inhibits scratching behavior and vascular permeability in mice, and exhibits antihistamine effects in guinea pig ileum. Ceramide 3 improves skin barrier function, reduces transepidermal water loss, erythema and the number of circulating epidermal cells, and accelerates barrier repair of irritated or dysfunctional skin.

C6 NBD Sphingomyelin is a fluorescent short-chain analogue of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498). Chlamydia trachomatis acquires C6 NBD Sphingomyelin endogenously synthesizes from C6-NBD-ceramide and transportes to the chlamydial inclusion. C6 NBD Sphingomyelin can incorporate into the plasma membrane.

Spisulosine (ES-285) is an antiproliferative (antitumoral) compound of marine origin. Spisulosine inhibits the growth of the prostate PC-3 and LNCaP cells through intracellular ceramide accumulation and PKCζ activation. Spisulosine induces apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells.

C12-Ceramide (N-Lauroyl-D-erythro-sphingosine), a naturally occurring ceramide, is formed by hydrolysis of C12 sphingomyelin. C12-Ceramide can enhance the Doxorubicin toxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. C12-Ceramide also can be used to diagnose types A and B Niemann-Pick disease.

DHA Ceramide (C22:6 Ceramide) is an ester product.