mRNA

Human ASCL1 mRNA encodes the human achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1 (ASCL1) protein, a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (BHLH) family. ASCL1 plays a role in the neuronal commitment and differentiation, and in the generation of olfactory and autonomic neurons.

Human BAK1 mRNA encodes the human BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 (BAK1) protein, a member of the BCL2 protein family. BAK1 localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. It also interacts with the tumor suppressor P53 after exposure to cell stress.

Human BAX mRNA encodes the human BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator (BAX) protein, a member of the BCL2 protein family. BAX forms a heterodimer with BCL2, and functions as an apoptotic activator. It also plays a role in the mitochondrial apoptotic process.

Human BMPR1A mRNA encodes the human bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A) protein, a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. BMPR1A may play a role in positively regulating chondrocyte differentiation through GDF5 interaction and mediating induction of adipogenesis by GDF6.

Human BMPR1B mRNA encodes the human bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (BMPR1B) protein, a family of transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. The ligands of this receptor are BMPs, which are members of the TGF-beta superfamily. BMPs are involved in endochondral bone formation and embryogenesis.

Human BTC mRNA encodes the human betacellulin (BTC) protein, a member of the epidermal growth factor family. BTC promotes pancreatic cell proliferation and insulin secretion, as well as retinal vascular permeability.

Human CCL1 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CCL1) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL1 is secreted by activated T cells and displays chemotactic activity for monocytes but not for neutrophils.

Human CCL11 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) protein, a member of the CC subfamily. CCL11 is thought to be involved in eosinophilic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and parasitic infections.

Human CCL13 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CCL13) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils and eosinophils, but not neutrophils. CCL13 also plays a role in accumulation of leukocytes during inflammation and may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during artherosclerosis.

Human CCL14 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 14 (CCL14) protein, a cytokine that induces changes in intracellular calcium concentration and enzyme release in monocytes.

Human CCL15 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 (CCL15) protein, a chemotactic for T cells and monocytes, and acts through C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1).

Human CCL16 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and monocytes but not for neutrophils. CCL16 also shows a potent myelosuppressive activity and suppresses proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells.

Human CCL17 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, but not monocytes or granulocytes. CCL17 plays important roles in T cell development in thymus as well as in trafficking and activation of mature T cells.

Human CCL18 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for naive T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and nonactivated lymphocytes, but not for monocytes or granulocytes. CCL18 may play a role in both humoral and cell-mediated immunity responses.

Human CCL19 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) protein, a cytokine that may play a role in normal lymphocyte recirculation and homing. CCL19 also plays an important role in trafficking of T cells in thymus, and in T cell and B cell migration to secondary lymphoid organs.

Human CCL2 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) protein. CCL2 displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis.

Human CCL20 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) protein that displays chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and can repress proliferation of myeloid progenitors.

Human CCL21 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) protein, a chemokine that can inhibit hemopoiesis and stimulate chemotaxis. CCL21 is chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T cells, but not for B cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. It may also play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs.

Human CCL22 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 (CCL22) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity for monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and for chronically activated T lymphocytes. CCL22 also displays a mild activity for primary activated T lymphocytes and has no chemoattractant activity for neutrophils, eosinophils and resting T lymphocytes.

Human CCL23 mRNA encodes the human C-C motif chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) protein, a cytokine that displays chemotactic activity on resting T lymphocytes and monocytes, lower activity on neutrophils and no activity on activated T lymphocytes. CCL23 is also a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line.