Ophthalmic acid TFA
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Ophthalmic acid TFA is a ubiquitous metabolite and glutathione modulator, with a Ki of 0.95 mM for glyoxalase I. Ophthalmic acid TFA competitively inhibits glyoxalase I, glutathione S-transferase, glutaredoxin, glutamate-cysteine ligase, protein disulfide reductase (glutathione), as well as non-selective cation channels. Ophthalmic acid TFA is applicable in diabetes-related research.
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- Pureté : 99.48%
- Formule: C13H20F3N3O8
- Masse moléculaire:403.31
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Stockage:
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
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Activité biologique
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Chemical Information
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Solvant et solubilité
- Protocole
- Pureté et documentation
- Références
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Help & FAQs
Activité biologique
Description
In Vitro
Ophthalmic acid (5 μM-millimolar concentrations) TFA exerts pleiotropic effects on GSH utilizing enzymes: it induces glutathione reductases, inhibits glutaredoxins (60% reduction at 5 μM) and millimolar-concentration exposed glutathione S-transferases, and does not affect glutathione peroxidases[1].
Ophthalmic acid TFA competitively inhibits the glyoxalase I reaction[1].
Ophthalmic acid TFA inhibits the activation of non-selective cation channels by intracellular NAD+ via mimicry of GSH's tripeptide structure[1].
Ophthalmic acid TFA competitively inhibits GSH uptake in yeast[1].
Ophthalmic acid TFA competitively inhibits purified glyoxalase I enzyme activity with an inhibitor equilibrium constant (Ki) of 0.95 mM[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
Ophthalmic acid TFA elevates liver Ophthalmic acid TFA levels 20-fold while depleting hepatic glutathione in Cystathionine β-synthase-deficient mice with genetic homocystinuria[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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Appearance Solid
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Masse moléculaire 403.31
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Formule C13H20F3N3O8
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
OC(CNC([C@H](CC)NC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O)=O)=O.O=C(O)C(F)(F)F
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Livraison
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Stockage
-20°C, sealed storage, away from moisture
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
Solvant et solubilité
In Vitro:
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (247.95 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocole
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Research Protocol for Metabolic Diseases
AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK, is a conserved cellular energy sensor that responds to reduced cellular energy status and coordinates metabolism by increasing ATP-generating catabolic pathways while suppressing ATP-consuming anabolic processes. In metabolic disease research, the AMPK pathway is experimentally relevant because it regulates hepatic lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, glucose production, skeletal-muscle glucose disposal, mTORC1-linked biosynthesis, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and whole-body energy balance. The central pathway logic is that energy stress, metformin, exercise-like stimulation, or direct AMPK activators increase AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation and downstream substrate phosphorylation, including ACC and RAPTOR. Phosphorylation of ACC suppresses lipogenesis and supports fatty acid oxidation, whereas phosphorylation of RAPTOR suppresses mTORC1 signaling and links cellular energy status to growth and protein synthesis control. The pathway is linked
Pureté et documentation
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Fiche technique (281 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Instruction de manipulation (2659 KB)
Références
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.4795 mL | 12.3974 mL | 24.7948 mL | 61.9871 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4959 mL | 2.4795 mL | 4.9590 mL | 12.3974 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2479 mL | 1.2397 mL | 2.4795 mL | 6.1987 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1653 mL | 0.8265 mL | 1.6530 mL | 4.1325 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1240 mL | 0.6199 mL | 1.2397 mL | 3.0994 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0992 mL | 0.4959 mL | 0.9918 mL | 2.4795 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0826 mL | 0.4132 mL | 0.8265 mL | 2.0662 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0620 mL | 0.3099 mL | 0.6199 mL | 1.5497 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0496 mL | 0.2479 mL | 0.4959 mL | 1.2397 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0413 mL | 0.2066 mL | 0.4132 mL | 1.0331 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0310 mL | 0.1550 mL | 0.3099 mL | 0.7748 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0248 mL | 0.1240 mL | 0.2479 mL | 0.6199 mL |
Ophthalmic acid TFA Related Classifications
HY-126752A Related Classifications
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Keywords
- Ophthalmic acid
- Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
- Hydra littoralis
- protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
- glyoxalase I
- non-selective cation channels
- glutathione reductase
- glutamate-cysteine ligase
- glutaredoxin
- colon cancer cells
- glutathione S-transferase
- rat liver cell canalicular membranes
- Inhibitor
- inhibitor
- inhibit