ARMET/MANF

Encoded by the MANF gene, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (also known as ARMET) is the second member of the two-protein CDNF/MANF family. MANF is an ER chaperone-like protein built from a saposin-like N-terminal domain and a C-terminal SAP-like domain ending in an ER-retention motif; it is widely expressed and strongly induced by ER stress through the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response. Beyond protecting dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson's disease, MANF modulates immune cell function and has been reported to safeguard pancreatic beta cells in rodent models of autoimmune diabetes. This combination of stress-inducible chaperone activity and immunomodulation distinguishes it from CDNF within the family.