Integrin alpha 1 beta 1

Integrin alpha 1 beta 1 (VLA-1, CD49a/CD29) is an I-domain collagen receptor restricted largely to mesenchymal cells and activated immune cells. Its alpha-1 I-domain binds collagens I and IV as well as laminin in a metal-ion-dependent manner, anchoring fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and activated T cells within connective tissue. The receptor appears on T cells only after activation and marks a tissue-retained effector population involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity and chronic inflammation. In kidney and liver disease, alpha 1 beta 1 on mesangial and stellate cells drives collagen deposition, and blocking antibodies have shown benefit in fibrosis and arthritis models. It is also used as an endothelial progenitor marker in regenerative medicine.