Lignans

4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin is an aryltetralin lignin contained in the root of Podophyllum hexandrum and P. peltatum. 4'-Demethylpodophyllotoxin exhibits cytotoxic potential in diverse cancer cell lines.

Magnolin, a major component of Magnolia liliiflora, inhibits the Ras/ERKs/RSK2 signaling axis by targeting the active pocket of ERK1 and ERK2 with IC₅₀s of 87 nM and 16.5 nM, respectively.

Phyllanthin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Phyllanthin inhibits MOLT-4 cell viability, increases apoptosis, inhibits cell migration and invasion. Phyllanthin exerts anti-fibrotic effects by down-regulating TGF signaling pathway via ALK5 and Smad2/3. Phyllanthin also has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties .

(-)-Syringaresinol is an orally active isomer of syringaresinol (HY-N8307) found in Annona Montana. (-)-Syringaresinol exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. (-)-Syringaresinol can alleviate ulcerative colitis via the PI3K-Akt/MAPK/Wnt signaling pathway. (-)-Syringaresinol inhibits HL-60 cell proliferation by arresting the G1 phase and inducing apoptosis. (-)-Syringaresinol inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-induced microglial activation by downregulating the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway and its interaction with ERβ, exerting anti-neuroinflammatory effects.

Paulownin, a component of wood of Paulownia tomentosa Steud, is a constituent of medicinal plants.

Secoisolariciresinol ((-)-Secoisolariciresinol) is a plant lignan and a precursor of enterolignans. Secoisolariciresinol can be converted into enterodiol and enterolactone by intestinal microflora. Secoisolariciresinol may reduce the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

Hinokinin (Compound 1) is a compound isolated from the stems of Hypoestes aristate. Hinokinin exhibits moderate activity of HIV-1 protease enzyme.

Podophyllotoxin glucoside is a podophyllotoxin derivative, has anti-tumor effects.

(-)-Sesamin isolated from Asarum forbesii Maxim, is an isomer of Sesamin. Sesamin is a potent and selective delta 5 desaturase inhibitor in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.

(+)-Isolariciresinol ((+)-Cyclolariciresinol) is a lignan that can be isolated from the roots of Bursera tonkinensis Guillaum and the needles of Pinus densiflora.

Khellin is a furochromone that can be isolated from Ammi visnuga L.. Khellin is an EGFR inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 0.15 µM. Khelline has anti-proliferative activity in vitro. Khellin has antispasmodic and coronary vasodilator effects.

Pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ((+)-Pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) is an orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 48.13 μg/mL. Pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside binds to estrogen receptors. Pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside inhibits phosphodiesterase. Pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside exhibits various activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, hepatoprotective and anti-epileptic effects.

4-O-Methyl honokiol is a natural neolignan isolated from Magnolia officinalis, acts as a PPARγ agonist, and inhibtis NF-κB activity, used for cancer and inflammation research.

Asarinin is a extract lignan from Asarum sieboldii Miq., mainly produced in roots of this herb.

Clemastanin B, a lignin, has potent anti-influenza activities by inhibiting the virus multiplication, prophylaxsis and blocking the virus attachment. Clemastanin B targets viral endocytosis, uncoating or ribonucleoprotein (RNP) export from the nucleus. Clemastanin B has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Salvianolic acid E is a natural compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza.

Angeloylgomisin H, as a major lignin extract of Schisandra rubriflora, has the potential to improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by activating PPAR-γ.

Gomisin J is a Schisandra chinensis-derived lignan that can inhibit multiple targets such as eNOS, AMPK (LKB1, CaMKIIβ), fetuin-A, NF-κB, Nrf2/HO-1, and can pass through the blood-brain barrier. Gomisin J increases NO bioavailability by activating eNOS, regulates lipid metabolism by activating the AMPK pathway, inhibits fetuin-A and NF-κB to exert anti-inflammatory effects, and activates Nrf2/HO-1 to enhance antioxidant capacity. Gomisin J has the activities of anti-hypertension, regulating liver lipid metabolism, and reducing cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and can be used for research on hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, etc.

4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin (4'-DMEP) is an intermediate compound that inhibits microtubule assembly.

Manassantin B (compound 6) is a kind of lignan. Manassantin B can be isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots of Saururus chinensis. Manassantin B has cytotoxicities against HT-29 with an IC₅₀ value of 12 μM.