2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. COX

COX

Cyclooxygenase

COX

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Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme that is responsible for formation of important biological mediators called prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Pharmacological inhibition of COX can provide relief from the symptoms of inflammation and pain. Drugs, like Aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, exert their effects through inhibition of COX. The main COX inhibitors are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

COX Isoform Specific Products:

COX Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-N5015R
    Rosmanol (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Rosmanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Rosmanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Rosmanol could inhibit the oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LPL) and significantly inhibit lipopolysaccharide induced iNOS and COX-2 expression, with anti-inflammatory effect.
    Rosmanol (Standard)
  • HY-N8480
    Atractylochromene
    		Inhibitor
    Atractylochromene is a potent dual inhibitor of 5-LOX/COX-1 with IC50s of 0.6 and 3.3 μM, respectively.
    Atractylochromene
  • HY-155031
    MCI
    		Inhibitor
    MCI alleviates inflammation by macrophage reprogramming via targeting ROS scavenging and COX-2 downregulation. MCI inhibits COX-2 with an IC50 value of 1.23 μM. MCI has significant anti-inflammatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) models. MCI can be used in research for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
    MCI
  • HY-179125
    COX-2-IN-59
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-59 is a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.052 μM. COX-2-IN-59 exhibits 200-fold selectivity over COX-1 (IC50 = 11.16 μM). COX-2-IN-59 reduces COX-2 levels, induces cell cycle arrest, and triggers apoptosis by increasing Bax expression, decreasing Bcl-2 levels, and activating caspase-3. COX-2-IN-59 can be used for the research of colon cancer.
    COX-2-IN-59
  • HY-B1773AR
    Sodium propionate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Sodium propionate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sodium propionate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sodium propionate is an orally active short-chain fatty acid. Sodium propionate can be produced by intestinal bacteria from the metabolism of dietary fiber. Sodium propionate increases PPAR-γ, inhibits NF-κB activation, and reduces COX-2 expression and NO production. Sodium propionate also induces Apoptosis and Autophagy. Sodium propionate reduces HSV-1-induced keratitis. Sodium propionate has anticancer effects against glioblastoma. Sodium propionate exhibits neuroprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Sodium propionate can be used in the research of spinal cord injury and Alzheimer's disease.
    Sodium propionate (Standard)
  • HY-15123S
    (S)-Flurbiprofen-d3
    		Inhibitor
    (S)-Flurbiprofen-d3 (Esflurbiprofen-d3) is the deuterium labeled (S)-Flurbiprofen. (S)-Flurbiprofen is an active enantiomer of Flurbiprofen, with IC50 values of 0.48 μM and 0.47 μM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively.
    (S)-Flurbiprofen-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-12384
    Tenosal
    		Inhibitor
    Tenosal is a new compound obtained by esterifying salicylic acid with 2-thiophene-carboxylic acid and displays anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties.
    Tenosal
  • HY-151173
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1
    		Inhibitor
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 is a XO/COX/LOX inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.2 μM against rat XO, 10.83 μM against 5-LOX, 12.67 μM against COX-1, and 8.31 μM against COX-2. XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 binds to the active sites of XO, 5-LOX, COX-1 and COX-2, thereby blocking enzyme activities associated with uric acid, leukotriene, prostaglandin synthesis and inflammatory pathways. XO/COX/LOX-IN-1 can be used in the research of hyperuricemia and inflammation.
    XO/COX/LOX-IN-1
  • HY-N11624
    Axinelline A
    		Inhibitor
    Axinelline A is a potent COX inhibitor with IC50s of 2.22 μM and 8.89 μM against COX-2 and COX-1, respectively. Axinelline A shows anti-inflammatory activity.
    Axinelline A
  • HY-116610
    L 748780
    		Inhibitor
    L 748780 (compound 2) is a selectivity COX-2 inhibitor with the IC50 values of 0.5 μM and ＞ 100 μM for COX-2 and COX-1, respectively.
    L 748780
  • HY-N16865
    Myristinin B/C
    		Inhibitor
    Myristinin B/C is a mixture of Myristinin B and Myristinin C. Myristinin B/C is a flavan compound found in Horsfieldia amygdaline and Myristica cinnamomea. Myristinin B/C can selectively inhibit COX-2 activity with an IC50 of 2.1 μg/mL. Myristinin B/C can reduce the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inhibit phospholipase A2 (PLA2), thereby blocking the release of inflammatory mediators. Myristinin B/C can inhibit Candida albicans with an IC50 of 6 μg/mL. Myristinin B/C can be used for the research of inflammation and infection, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
    Myristinin B/C
  • HY-A0273S
    Propyphenazone-d3
    		Inhibitor 99.0%
    Propyphenazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Propyphenazone. Propyphenazone is a pyrazolone derivative with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity, Propyphenazone-based analogues as proagents and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors.
    Propyphenazone-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-105290
    DRF-4848
    		Inhibitor
    DRF-4848 is a COX-2 inhibitor. DRF-4848 can be used for the research of inflammation.
    DRF-4848
  • HY-14397G
    Indomethacin (GMP)
    		Inhibitor
    Indomethacin (GMP) is Indomethacin (HY-14397) produced by using GMP guidelines. GMP small molecules work appropriately as an auxiliary reagent for cell therapy manufacture. Indomethacin (Indometacin) is a potent, orally active COX1/2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 18 nM and 26 nM for COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Indomethacin has anticancer activity and anti-infective activity. Indomethacin can be used for cancer, inflammation and viral infection research.
    Indomethacin (GMP)
  • HY-150550
    COX-2-IN-26
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-26 is a potent, selective and orally active COX-2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 10.61, 0.067, 1.96 µM for COX-1, COX-2, 15-LOX, respectively. COX-2-IN-26 shows anti-inflammatory activity. COX-2-IN-26 shows gastrointestinal safety profile.
    COX-2-IN-26
  • HY-N0603R
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard) is the analytical standard of 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 is the main component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits Na+ and hKv1.4 channel with IC50s of 32.2±4.5 and 32.6±2.2 μM, respectively. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 also inhibits Aβ levels, NF-κB activity, and COX-2 expression.
    20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 (Standard)
  • HY-155997
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
    		Inhibitor
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56 (Compound 9) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor (IC50: 0.54 μM). Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress induced cell death. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 inhibits oxidative stress and neuroinflammation by inhibiting Keap1, COX-2 and iNOS. Anti-inflammatory agent 56 has low acute toxicity in mice (LD50: 1000 mg/kg).
    Anti-inflammatory agent 56
  • HY-N1380S3
    Guaiacol-d4
    Guaiacol-d4 is the deuterium labeled Guaiacol. Guaiacol, a phenolic compound, inhibits LPS-stimulated COX-2 expression and NF-κB activation. Anti-inflammatory activity.
    Guaiacol-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-173487
    COX-2-IN-53
    		Inhibitor
    COX-2-IN-53 (compound 9) is a potent COX-2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.373 μM. COX-2-IN-53 reduces radiation-induced oxidative stress.
    COX-2-IN-53
  • HY-181602
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4
    		Inhibitor
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4 is a mitochondria-targeted small-molecule ligand that inhibits ATP synthesis. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 binds to mtDNA G4s in melanoma cells, thereby inducing changes in mitochondrial metabolism and inhibiting cell proliferation. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 suppresses the translation of key mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins (CYTB, ATP8, COX1, COX3, ND2) in melanoma cells, downregulates the expression of OXPHOS complexes, activates the phosphorylation of AMPK, and induces metabolic reprogramming to upregulate glycolysis. ATP Synthesis-IN-4 is applicable to relevant research on melanoma.
    ATP Synthesis-IN-4
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
COX Isoform Comparison

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