RNA Polymerases
RNA polymerases catalyze genome transcription, converting genetic information into RNA outputs that support gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and cell growth[1]. In eukaryotic cells, three nuclear enzymes divide this work: RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcribes ribosomal DNA, RNA polymerase II (Pol II) produces mRNAs and many regulatory non-coding RNAs, and RNA polymerase III (Pol III) generates tRNAs, 5S rRNA, and other short non-coding RNAs[2][3]. Mechanistically, Pol I and Pol III support ribosome production and translation capacity, whereas Pol II links transcription initiation, elongation, RNA processing, and gene-specific regulation through its C-terminal domain[4]. In disease models, disruption of Pol I or Pol III function produces tissue-specific developmental disorders, especially craniofacial abnormalities and leukodystrophy or neurodegenerative phenotypes[3]. Compared with Pol II, Pol I and Pol III are distinguished by high-output non-coding RNA transcription and by specialized subunits that define isoform-specific transcription programs[2][3]. For experimental applications, Pol I inhibition with CX-5461 suppresses rDNA transcription and has been used to study p53 activation, nucleolar stress, DNA damage response, and cancer cell vulnerability[5][6]. Pol III inhibition also provides aging-model utility, because reduced Pol III activity extends lifespan in yeast, worms, and flies downstream of TORC1[7].
References:
- [1]. Barba-Aliaga M, et al. Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases: The Many Ways to Transcribe a Gene. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 Apr 21;8:663209. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Wang Y, et al. BMP and RA signaling cooperate to regulate Apolipoprotein C1 expression during embryonic development. Gene. 2015 Jan 10;554(2):196-204. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Watt KE, et al. RNA Polymerases I and III in development and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Feb 28;136:49-63. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Hsin JP, et al. The RNA polymerase II CTD coordinates transcription and RNA processing. Genes Dev. 2012 Oct 1;26(19):2119-37. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA polymerase I as a therapeutic strategy to promote cancer-specific activation of p53. Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Haddach M, et al. Discovery of CX-5461, the First Direct and Selective Inhibitor of RNA Polymerase I, for Cancer Therapeutics. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2012 May 8;3(7):602-6. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Filer D, et al. RNA polymerase III limits longevity downstream of TORC1. Nature. 2017 Dec 14;552(7684):263-267. [Content Brief]
All Product Categories
-
RNA Polymerases Related Products (161)
Related Products (161)
-
Simeprevir sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10241ACAS No.: 1241946-89-3Synonyms: TMC435 sodium; TMC435350 sodiumSimeprevir (TMC435; TMC435350) sodium is an oral, potent and highly specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor with a Ki of 0.36 nM. Simeprevir sodium inhibits HCV replication with an EC50 of 7.8 nM. Simeprevir sodium also potently suppresses SARS-CoV-2 replication and synergizes with Remdesivir. Simeprevir sodium inhibits the main protease (Mpro) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2, and also modulates host immune responses.
-
Oncrasin-72
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-130207CAS No.: 92407-90-4Synonyms: NSC-743380Oncrasin-72 (NSC-743380) is an RNA polymerase II inhibitor with activity in inhibiting growth and inducing cell death in human cancer cells. Oncrasin-72 exhibits antitumor activity through JNK activation and STAT3 inhibition. Analytical method development and validation for Oncrasin-72 is essential for quantifying its concentration in biological fluids for pharmacokinetic studies. This method was able to successfully quantify Oncrasin-72 in different dose groups when applied in rat plasma.
-
Guanosine triphosphate-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium solution (100 mM)
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-113225S1Purity: 99.98%Synonyms: GTP-13C10,15N5 tetraammoniumGuanosine triphosphate-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium solution (100 mM) (GTP-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium) is the 15N, 13C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.
-
Metalaxyl-M-d6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0843ASCAS No.: 1398112-32-7Metalaxyl-M-d6 ((R)-Metalaxyl-d6) is the deuterium labeled Metalaxyl-M (HY-B0843A). Metalaxyl-M ((R)-Metalaxyl) is an orally active and selective inhibitor of fungal RNA polymerase, which exerts fungicidal activity by selectively interfering with the synthesis of fungal ribosomal RNA. Metalaxyl-M can also be used to induce inflammation in hepatocytes and regulate tryptophan metabolism. Metalaxyl-M can be used in ecotoxicology studies.
-
GS-441524 hydrochloride
0 ImagesGS-441524 hydrochloride is a potent, orally active and CNS-penetrant viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor. GS-441524 hydrochloride competes with natural nucleosides to block viral RNA transcription as an alternative substrate and RNA chain terminator. GS-441524 hydrochloride inhibits the replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus, African swine fever virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. GS-441524 hydrochloride reduces viral RNA levels in cats. GS-441524 hydrochloride can be used in research related to feline infectious peritonitis, African swine fever, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
-
Guanosine triphosphate-d14 dilithium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-150773S1Synonyms: GTP-d14 dilithiumGuanosine triphosphate-d14 dilithium (GTP-d14 dilithium) is the deuterated-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism.
-
Balapiravir hydrochloride
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-10443ACAS No.: 690270-65-6Synonyms: Ro 4588161 hydrochloride; R1626 hydrochlorideBalapiravir hydrochloride (Ro 4588161 hydrochloride; R1626 hydrochloride) is an orally active proagent of a nucleoside analogue inhibitor of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of HCV (R1479; 4'-Azidocytidine). Balapiravir hydrochloride has anti-HCV activity. Balapiravir (hydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.
-
Dasabuvir sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-13998ACAS No.: 1132940-11-4Synonyms: ABT-333 sodiumDasabuvir (ABT-333) sodium is a nonnucleoside hepatitis C virus (HCV) polymerase inhibitor. Dasabuvir sodium inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase encoded by the HCV NS5B gene. Dasabuvir sodium inhibits genotype 1a (strain H77) and 1b (strain Con1) replicons, with EC50 values of 7.7 and 1.8 nM, respectively.
-
Onradivir monohydrate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-145586ACAS No.: 2375241-19-1Synonyms: ZSP1273 monohydrateOnradivir (ZSP1273) monohydrate is an orally active antiviral agent targeting influenza A virus RNA polymerase PB2 subunit with an IC50 of 0.562 nM. Onradivir monohydrate inhibits cap binding to influenza A virus RNA polymerase PB2 subunit, suppresses viral replication, reduces viral titres and RNA loads, and inhibits influenza A virus infection. Onradivir monohydrate maintains high survival rates in influenza A virus-infected mice, and reduces influenza A virus titers in a murine model. Onradivir monohydrate can be used for the research of influenza A virus infection.
-
Thio-ITP
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-115755CAS No.: 27652-34-2Synonyms: 6-Thioinosine 5′-triphosphate; 6-Mercaptopurine-riboside-5'-triphosphate; 6-Thio-ITPThio-ITP (6-Thioinosine 5′-triphosphate) is an RNA polymerase activity competitive inhibitor. Thio-ITP has a high apparent affinity for the polymerases (RNA polymerase I Ki: 40.9 μM; RNA polymerase II Ki: 38.0 μM).
-
trans-RdRP-IN-11
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-152239Btrans-RdRP-IN-5 (compound 18) is a potent influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitor. trans-RdRP-IN-5 can be used in research of influenza virus.
-
Myxopyronin B
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-N21879CAS No.: 88192-99-8Myxopyronin B is an α-pyrone natural product derived from Myxococcus fulvus and acts as an inhibitor of the switch region of bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) (IC50 = 24 μM). Myxopyronin B binds to the switch region of RNA polymerase, locking the polymerase clamp into a closed conformation and thereby inhibiting transcription initiation. Myxopyronin B exhibits antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridioides difficile, inhibits the early synthesis of toxins A and B, and reduces the abundance of proteins in the branched-chain amino acid fermentation pathway. Myxopyronin B is useful for research related to bacterial infections.
-
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-144065CAS No.: 2567929-06-8Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 is a spirocyclic pyridone derivative. Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-19 has strong inhibitory effect on RNA polymerase activity of A virus (extracted from patent CN111410661A, compound 1).
-
Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-143755CAS No.: 2631005-84-8Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 is a potent inhibitor of cap-dependent endonuclease (CEN). Not only can Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 inhibit influenza virus well, but also has lower cytotoxicity, better in vivo agent kinetic properties and in vivo pharmacodynamic properties. Cap-dependent endonuclease-IN-9 has strong inhibitory effect on RNA polymerase activity of A virus (extracted from patent CN112521386A, compound VI-1).
-
Riamilovir sodium
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-109072ACAS No.: 116061-59-7Riamilovir sodium is an oral, broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Riamilovir sodium can directly act on the virus's RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, thereby inhibiting viral replication, reducing viral load, and helping to alleviate the severity of the disease. Riamilovir sodium can be used in research on acute respiratory viral infections caused by novel variants of SARS-CoV-2.
-
ZLMT-72
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-179633ZLMT-72 is an orally active dual CDK2 and CDK9 inhibitor with IC50s of 0.741 nM and 1.03 nM, respectively. ZLMT-72 shows good selectivity in kinase profiling andcholinesterase inhibition activity. ZLMT-72 has strong antiproliferative effects in the colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCT116 (GI50 < 0.1 nM). ZLMT-72 induces apoptosis by inhibiting thephosphorylation of retinoblastoma and RNA polymerase II, resulting in downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Mcl-1 and XIAP). ZLMT-72 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer (CRC).
-
PB2-IN-4
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-189357CAS No.: 3123220-86-7PB2-IN-4 is a potent and orally effective PB2 inhibitor with an IC50 of 82 nM. PB2-IN-4 inhibits viral RNA polymerase activity and gene expression by binding to the PB2 protein, and alleviates the host inflammatory response. PB2-IN-4 can be used for research on influenza A virus.
-
Dideoxy-amanitin
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-148231CAS No.: 58255-46-2Dideoxy-amanitin (compound 2), an α-Amanitin (HY-19610) derivative, is a potent and selective RNA polymerase II allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 value of 74.2 nM.
