Dopamine Receptor
Dopamine receptors are GPCRs through which dopamine regulates motor function, motivation, drive, cognition, and peripheral physiology[1][2]. Mechanistically, dopamine receptor signaling is organized into D1-like receptors (D1, D5) and D2-like receptors (D2S, D2L, D3, D4), enabling subtype-specific control of cAMP-mediated and non-canonical signaling[1][3]. In disease-oriented research, dopamine-glutamate-NMDA interactions and dopamine receptor ligands provide experimental frameworks for schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, depression, bipolar disorder, and addiction models[1][3]. Compared with related isoforms, D1-D2 receptor heteromers form a pharmacologically distinct signaling complex coupled to Gq/11, requiring agonist binding to both receptors for G protein activation and intracellular calcium release[4]. This calcium pathway links D1-D2 receptor heteromer activation to CaMKIIα, BDNF production, and neuronal growth in striatal models[5]. Compared with D1, D5 shows high agonist affinity and constitutive activity shaped by carboxyl-terminal tail sequence and intracellular loop determinants[6][7]. Therefore, subtype-selective agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, and heteromer-directed ligands remain practical tools for dissecting dopamine receptor pharmacology, signaling bias, and disease-relevant neurocircuit mechanisms[1][3][4].
References:
- [1]. Martel JC, et al. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Jul 14;11:1003. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Beaulieu JM, et al. The physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of dopamine receptors. Pharmacol Rev. 2011 Mar;63(1):182-217. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Beaulieu JM, et al. Dopamine receptors - IUPHAR Review 13. Br J Pharmacol. 2015 Jan;172(1):1-23. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Rashid AJ, et al. D1-D2 dopamine receptor heterooligomers with unique pharmacology are coupled to rapid activation of Gq/11 in the striatum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jan 9;104(2):654-9. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Hasbi A, et al. Calcium signaling cascade links dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer to striatal BDNF production and neuronal growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Dec 15;106(50):21377-82. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Demchyshyn LL, et al. Dopamine D5 receptor agonist high affinity and constitutive activity profile conferred by carboxyl-terminal tail sequence. J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 4;275(31):23446-55. [Content Brief]
- [7]. Tumova K, et al. Role of the fourth intracellular loop of D1-like dopaminergic receptors in conferring subtype-specific signaling properties. FEBS Lett. 2004 Oct 22;576(3):461-7. [Content Brief]
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Dopamine Receptor Related Products (538)
Related Products (538)
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Asimilobine
0 ImagesAsimilobine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from plant species of Magnolia obobata Thun. Asimilobine is a dopamine biosynthesis inhibitor and a serotonergic receptor antagonist. Asimilobine shows an antimalarial and anti-cancer activity.
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(±) Anabasine
0 Images(±) Anabasine is the racemic form of Anabasine (HY-B1532). (±) Anabasine stimulates the release of [3H]-Dopamine from mouse striatal synaptosomes. (±) Anabasine inhibits the high-affinity binding of [3H]-S-(-)-Nicotine to the striatal membrane. Anabasine is an agonist of α7nAChR and possesses anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities.
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A-412997 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesA-412997 dihydrochloride is a selective dopamine D4 receptor agonist. A-412997 dihydrochloride improves cognitive performance in rats and can be used in the research of psychiatric diseases.
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N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine
0 ImagesSynonyms: NLTN-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine (NLT) is a dopaminergic agonist capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine increases the level, turnover rate and release amount of dopamine in the striatum. N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine modulates rotational behavior in a rat model with unilateral striatal injury and alleviates excessive blinking symptoms in models induced by dopamine-depleting agents. N-(α-Linolenoyl) tyrosine can be used for research on Parkinson's disease and idiopathic blepharospasm.
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(S)-SCH-23390 hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: SCH-23388 hydrochloride
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Sultopride hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: LIN-1418 hydrochlorideSultopride hydrochloride (LIN-1418 hydrochloride) is a selective antagonist of dopamine D2 receptor.
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Haloperidol decanoate
0 ImagesHaloperidol decanoate is a depot preparation of haloperidol, a commonly used butyrophenone derivative with antipsychotic activity. Haloperidol decanoate can increase the striatal D2 receptor in rat. Haloperidol decanoate can improve conditions of psychoses (mainly schizophrenia). Haloperidol decanoate can lead to increased accumulation of the dopamine metabolites homo-vanillic acid. Haloperidol decanoate can reduce intestinal transport, increase gastric emptying and reduce acid output in rat model.
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Levomepromazine maleate
0 ImagesSynonyms: Methotrimeprazine maleateLevomepromazine maleate (Methotrimeprazine maleate) is an orally active antipsychotic compound and Ca2+ release inducer. Levomepromazine maleate inhibits SERCA pump and induces an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels. Levomepromazine maleate has antagonistic effects on a variety of neurotransmitter receptors, including dopamine, cholinergic, serotonin, and histamine receptors. Levomepromazine maleate can induce adaptive ER stress and autophagy. In addition, Levomepromazine maleate has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic, sedative and anti-injurious activities. Levomepromazine maleate can be used in the study psychiatric disorders and relieving nausea and vomiting.
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JNJ-37822681 dihydrochloride
0 ImagesJNJ-37822681 dihydrochloride is a potent, specific, centrally active, fast-dissociating dopamine D2 receptor antagonist with a moderate binding affinity for the dopamine D2L receptor (Ki =158 nM), which has potential for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Tetrahydropapaveroline hydrobromide
0 ImagesSynonyms: Norlaudanosoline hydrobromideTetrahydropapaveroline (Norlaudanosoline) hydrobromide, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is a condensation product of dopamine and dopaldehyde. Tetrahydropapaveroline hydrobromide inhibits [3H]DA uptake with a Ki of 41 μM. Tetrahydropapaveroline hydrobromide can be used for the study of Parkinson's disease and/or alcohol addiction.
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Haloperidol lactate
0 ImagesHaloperidol lactate is a potent antipsychotic agent. Haloperidol lactate can be used in acute and chronic schizophrenia and gilles de la tourette's syndrome. Haloperidol lactate has the potential for the research of psychotic disorders.
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TDHL
0 ImagesSynonyms: Tergurid; Terguride; trans-DihydrolisurideTDHL (Tergurid) is a dopamine receptor agonist with a Kd of 0.39 nM for D2 receptor and an orally available 5-HT-2 receptor antagonist.
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Quinpirole
0 ImagesSynonyms: LY 171555; (-)-LY 141865Quinpirole (LY 171555; (-)-LY 141865) is a D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist and a CaV1.3 calcium channel modulator. Quinpirole normalizes dendritic spine density in dopamine-depleted striatum, upregulates the protein expression of BCL2 and GluR2, downregulates the protein expression of BAX, and delays the onset of seizures. Quinpirole enhances learning and memory, inhibits neuronal apoptosis (apoptosis), and induces anxiety-like, stereotyped, and compulsive behaviors. Quinpirole disrupts prepulse inhibition in rhesus monkeys, enhances the activity of paraventricular thalamic neurons to promote recovery from Isoflurane anesthesia, and alters the composition of the gut microbiota in rats. Quinpirole can be used in research related to dyskinesia, pain, epilepsy, and neurological disorders including anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia.
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ADTN hydrobromide
0 ImagesADTN hydrobromide is a long-acting dopamine agonist. ADTN hydrobromide significantly decreases the behavioral visual threshold of DA-IPC-depleted zebrafish.
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Fallypride
0 ImagesFallypride is a potent antagonist of dopamine D2/D3 receptor. Fallypride, in the form of fallypride (18F), can be used as a positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer.
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UCM-1306
0 ImagesUCM-1306 is a potent and orally active human dopamine D1 receptor allosteric modulator (PAM). UCM-1306 increases the endogenous dopamine (DA) maximal effect both in human and mouse D1 receptors. UCM-1306 is not only for improving motor symptoms but also for addressing the key comorbid cognitive impairment associated with long-term Parkinson’s disease (PD).
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Octodrine
0 ImagesSynonyms: 2-Amino-6-methylheptane; 1,5-Dimethylhexylamine; 6-Methyl-2-heptylamineOctodrine (2-Amino-6-methylheptane) is a central nervous stimulant that increases the uptake of dopamine and noradrenaline. Octodrine is found to increase the pain threshold, cardiac rate (positive chronotropic effect) and myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect).
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Tetrahydropalmatine (Standard)
0 ImagesTetrahydropalmatine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Tetrahydropalmatine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Tetrahydropalmatine possesses analgesic effects. Tetrahydropalmatine acts through inhibition of amygdaloid release of dopamine to inhibit an epileptic attack in rats.
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Sulpiride (Standard)
0 ImagesSulpiride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sulpiride. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sulpiride is an orally active dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist. Sulpiride is an atypical antipsychotic agent of the benzamide family. Sulpiride can be used in research into anxiety, depression and breast cancer.
