Plasmodium
Plasmodium parasites invade erythrocytes to access nutrients and occupy a protected intracellular niche[1]. Mechanistically, P. falciparum merozoite invasion depends on ligand-receptor interactions and regulated microneme and rhoptry secretion[2]. The apicoplast supports blood-stage growth mainly through isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis, shown by chemical rescue of parasites lacking this organelle[3]. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids also support GPI-anchor biosynthesis, egress, and invasion in P. falciparum[4]. Compared with related apicomplexan parasites, malaria parasites use conserved host-cell entry logic but species-specific ligand-receptor interactions[1]. For experimental applications, apicoplast translation inhibitors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors provide tools to test delayed death, organelle maintenance, and parasite viability[5][6].
References:
- [1]. Cowman AF, et al. Invasion of red blood cells by malaria parasites. Cell. 2006 Feb 24;124(4):755-66. [Content Brief]
- [2]. Singh S, et al. Distinct external signals trigger sequential release of apical organelles during erythrocyte invasion by malaria parasites. PLoS Pathog. 2010 Feb 5;6(2):e1000746. [Content Brief]
- [3]. Yeh E, et al. Chemical rescue of malaria parasites lacking an apicoplast defines organelle function in blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Biol. 2011 Aug;9(8):e1001138. [Content Brief]
- [4]. Bulloch MS, et al. Apicoplast-derived isoprenoids are essential for biosynthesis of GPI protein anchors, and consequently for egress and invasion in Plasmodium falciparum. PLoS Pathog. 2024 Sep 6;20(9):e1012484. [Content Brief]
- [5]. Pasaje CF, et al. Selective inhibition of apicoplast tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase causes delayed death in Plasmodium falciparum. Sci Rep. 2016 Jun 9;6:27531. [Content Brief]
- [6]. Herman JD, et al. The cytoplasmic prolyl-tRNA synthetase of the malaria parasite is a dual-stage target of febrifugine and its analogs. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 20;7(288):288ra77. [Content Brief]
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Plasmodium Related Products (265)
Related Products (265)
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Desmethylastemizole
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-W516880CAS No.: 73736-50-2Synonyms: O-DemethylastemizoleDesmethylastemizole (O-Demethylastemizole) , a metabolite of Astemizole (HY-12532), is a β-hematin (βH) inhibitor. Desmethylastemizole has an antiplasmodium activity against P. falciparum with IC50 of 0.12, 0.11 and 0.06 μM for Pf3D7, PfDd2, and PfItG strains, respectively. Desmethylastemizole is also a Histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Desmethylastemizole significantly blocks hERG K+ channels and also inhibits histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2 activity. Desmethylastemizole can be used for long QT syndrome and malaria research.
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Clindamycin-13C,d3
0 ImagesClindamycin-13C,d3 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Clindamycin. Clindamycin is an orally active and broad-spectrum bacteriostatic lincosamide antibiotic. Clindamycin can inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, possessing the ability to suppress the expression of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus at sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs). Clindamycin resistance results from enzymatic methylation of the antibiotic binding site in the 50S ribosomal subunit (23S rRNA). Clindamycin decreases the production of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL), toxic-shock-staphylococcal toxin (TSST-1) or alpha-haemolysin (Hla). Clindamycin also can be used for researching malaria.
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1,2,3,19-Tetrahydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid
0 Images1,2,3,19-Tetrahydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid is a Triterpenoid that isolated from the plant of Agrimonia Pilosa with antimalarial and antidiabetic activities.
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SpdSyn binder-1
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-148433CAS No.: 251106-30-6SpdSyn binder-1 is a weak binder, which binds in the active site of plasmodium falciparum spermidine synthase. SpdSyn binder-1 can be used for the research of malaria.
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Epimagnolin A
0 ImagesSynonyms: (+)-epi-MagnolinEpimagnolin A, a furfuran lignan, shows mild antiplasmodial activities (IC50=5.7 μg/mL) without noticeable toxicity on mammalian normal cells.
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Pendulone
0 ImagesPendulone is a isoflavanquinone with good antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 of 7.0 μM. Pendulone also has antileishmanial, antibacterial and anticancer activity.
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13,21-Dihydroeurycomanone
0 Images13,21-Dihydroeurycomanone, a natural compound isolated from Eurycoma longifolia root, possesses anti-parasite activity for Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii.
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Manzamine A
0 ImagesSynonyms: Keramamine AManzamine A, an orally active beta-carboline alkaloid, inhibits specifically GSK-3β and CDK-5 with IC50s of 10.2 μM and 1.5 μM, respectively. Manzamine A targets vacuolar ATPases and inhibits autophagy in pancreatic cancer cells. Manzamine A has antimalarial and anticancer activities. Manzamine A also shows potent activity against HSV-1.
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Psicofuranine
0 ImagesPsicofuramine a nucleoside antibiotic and has the inhibition of xanthosine 5'-phosphate aminase. Psicofuranine also specifically inhibits GMP synthase, and interrupts parasite growth. Psicofuranine exhibits a dose-dependent inhibition of P. falciparum growth.
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Prodigiosin hydrochloride
0 ImagesSynonyms: Prodigiosine hydrochlorideProdigiosin (Prodigiosine) hydrochloride is a red pigment produced by bacteria as a bioactive secondary metabolite. Prodigiosin hydrochloride is a potent proapoptotic agent, and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Prodigiosin hydrochloride has antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties.
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ISPA-28
0 ImagesISPA-28 is a specific plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC) antagonist. ISPA-28 binds directly and reversibly to CLAG3.
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Yadanzioside F
0 ImagesYadanzioside F is one of the toxic components found in Brucea javanica. Brucea javanica has demonstrated a variety of antitumoral, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Chloroquine-d4 phosphate
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-17589S1Chloroquine-d4 (phosphate) is the deuterium labeled Chloroquine phosphate. Chloroquine phosphate is an antimalarial and anti-inflammatory agent widely used to treat malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine phosphate is an autophagy and toll-like receptors (TLRs) inhibitor. Chloroquine phosphate is highly effective in the control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in vitro (EC50=1.13 μM).
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Warangalone
0 ImagesWarangalone is an anti-malarial compound which can inhibit the growth of both strains of parasite 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive) and K1 (chloroquine resistant) with IC50s of 4.8 μg/mL and 3.7 μg/mL, respectively. Warangalone can also inhibit cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (cAK) with an IC50 of 3.5 μM.
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Digitolutein
0 ImagesDigitolutein is a natural product that can be isolated from the stem bark and the roots of Morinda lucida Benth. Digitolutein effectively inhibits the growth of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 12.92 μg/mL. Digitolutein can be used for the research of infection.
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SR9186
0 ImagesSynonyms: ML368SR9186 (ML368) is a selective CYP3A4 inhibitor with IC50 values of 9, 4, and 38 nM for Midazolam → 1'-hydroxymidazolam, Testosterone → 6β-hydroxytestosterone, and Vincristine → Vincristine M1, respectively. SR-9186 inhibits the development of hepatic-stage P. falciparum and blocks ivermectin metabolism. SR-9186 can be used in breast cancer research.
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Proguanil-d6
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-B0806SCAS No.: 2070014-86-5Proguanil-d6 is the deuterium labeled Proguanil, which is a prophylactic antimalarial agent.
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MMV019662
0 ImagesCat. No.: HY-164686CAS No.: 896349-19-2MMV019662 is a PfNCR1 inhibitor and antimalarial agent. MMV019662 reduces gametocytemia levels of Plasmodium falciparum. MMV019662 is applicable to malaria-related research.
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MMV1557817
0 ImagesMMV1557817 is an orally active and potent antimalarial compound. MMV1557817 is a selective, nanomolar inhibitor of both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax aminopeptidases M1 and M17, leading to inhibition of end-stage hemoglobin digestion in asexual parasites.
