TNF Receptor Activator

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation.

CRAMP (mouse) is an antibacterial peptide and a functional homolog of LL-37. CRAMP (mouse) exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The complex formed by CRAMP (mouse) and CpG can activate macrophages to secrete TNF-α. CRAMP (mouse) plays a key role in wound healing, immune regulation and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.

β-Eudesmol has anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Beta-Eudesmol can induce apoptosis. β-Eudesmol is a neostigmine antagonist. β-Eudesmol can antagonize neostigmine-induced neuromuscular failure. β-Eudesmoll can be used in the study of sepsis diseases. β-Eudesmol is a sesquiterpene-like compound that can be extracted from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea.

Bioymifi (DR5 Activator), a potent TRAIL receptor DR5 activator, binds to the extracellular domain (ECD) of DR5 with a K_d of 1.2 μM. Bioymifi can act as a single agent to induce DR5 clustering and aggregation, leading to apoptosis.

ODN M362 sodium is a TLR9 agonist that acts as a vaccine adjuvant. ODN M362 sodium activates mouse splenocytes, induces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, upregulates proinflammatory cytokines in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ODN M362 sodium upregulates the expression of TLR9/TLR6, activates downstream signaling pathways via IRAK4 and IRF7, and strongly amplifies antigen-specific cellular immune responses to participate in innate immune activation. ODN M362 sodium can be used in research related to hepatocellular carcinoma and breast cancer.

Thiophanate-Methyl is a pesticide residue and fungicide. Thiophanate-Methyl induces hepatotoxicity via caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and oxidative stress, thereby causing metabolic imbalance in the liver of zebrafish. Thiophanate-Methyl impairs the rhizobacteria-mediated defense response of cucumber against fusarium wilt.

Fluorene is an orally active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a precursor to other fluorene-based compounds. Fluorene and its derivatives serve as dye precursors for fluorene synthesis. In A549 cells, Fluorene induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by increasing ROS and SOD generation, exacerbating lipid peroxidation, modulating antioxidant enzyme activity, and upregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. In vivo, Fluorene exhibits anxiolytic activity. Fluorene holds potential for research in inflammation and neurological disorders.

Kaolin is a family of kaolinitic clays, which is found in the earth's crust. Kaolin alleviates the toxicity of graphene oxide for mammalian cells. Kaolin can be utilized in industrial, cosmetic and medical fields, excipient.

NGM-438 is a humanized monoclonal antibody antagonist of LAIR1, with a K_a of 0.26 nM for human LAIR1 and 4.28 nM for cynomolgus monkey LAIR1. NGM-438 blocks the binding of LAIR1 to its Collagen ligand and antagonizes the Collagen-induced LAIR1 signaling pathway. NGM-438 reverses FcγR signaling inhibition in myeloid cells, induces dendritic cells to secrete TNFα, promotes T cell proliferation, and triggers myeloid inflammation and allogeneic T cell responses. NGM-438 sensitizes refractory mouse lung cancer to PD-1 blockade, increases the content of intratumoral CD8⁺ T cells and the expression of inflammatory genes. NGM-438 is applicable to research related to solid tumors, refractory solid tumors and non-small cell lung cancer.

Arecaidine is a GABA transport system inhibitor. Arecaidine inhibits the proliferation of oral mucosal fibroblasts, increases the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α in cells, downregulates the expression of PPAR-γ and PCK1 in cells, and upregulates the expression of TGF-β1. Arecaidine inhibits the uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine by the central nervous system of cats. Arecaidine inhibits hPAT1-mediated L-[³H]proline uptake in cells. Arecaidine can be used in research related to neurological diseases.

MG-T-19 is a potent small-molecule inhibitor targeting human TIM-3. MG-T-19 blocks the interactions between TIM-3 and its ligands such as phosphatidylserine, CEACAM1 and Galectin-9. MG-T-19 promotes the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and significantly enhances their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. MG-T-19 can be used in studies related to acute myeloid leukemia.

LY 303511 hydrochloride is a structural analogue of LY294002. LY303511 does not inhibit PI3K. LY303511 enhances TRAIL sensitivity of SHEP-1 neuroblastoma cells. LY303511 reversibly blocks K⁺ currents (IC₅₀=64.6±9.1 μM) in MIN6 insulinoma cells.

Arecaidine hydrochloride is a GABA transport system inhibitor. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits the proliferation of oral mucosal fibroblasts, increases the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α in cells, downregulates the expression of PPAR-γ and PCK1 in cells, and upregulates the expression of TGF-β1. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits the uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine by the central nervous system of cats. Arecaidine hydrochloride inhibits hPAT1-mediated L-[³H]proline uptake in cells. Arecaidine hydrochloride can be used in research related to neurological diseases.

RP-832c is a synthetic analogue of host defense peptides (HDP), targeting the mannose receptor CD206 on the surface of M2 polarized macrophages (K_d = 3.5 μM). RP-832c binding to CD206 induces a significant conformational change in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis and repolarization of CD206-positive M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype. RP-832c treatment significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages while transiently increasing expression of TNF-α, a marker for M1 macrophages. RP-832c is used for the studies of T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate-d₁₂ is the deuterium labeled Tris(β-chloroethyl) phosphate. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate is a widely used organic phosphorus flame retardant, mainly used as a plasticizer. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate has orally active hepatotoxicity, inducing an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ions (Ca²⁺) influx, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm), and causing DNA damage and cell apoptosis. Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate directly binds to FXR, inducing obesity and the formation of fatty liver in mice. Chloroethyl) phosphate activates the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, triggering liver inflammation.

Cetrelimab (JNJ 63723283; JNJ 3283) is a human IgG4κ mAb targeting PD-1. Cetrelimab binds PD-1 (K_d=1.72 nM, HEK293) to block the interaction of PD-1 with PD-L1 and PD-L2 (IC₅₀s=111.7 ng/mL and 138.6 ng/mL, respectively). Cetrelimab stimulates peripheral T cells, increases IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α level and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.

BI-1910 is an agonistic human IgG2 monoclonal antibody targeting TNFR2, which selectively binds to human TNFR2 without inhibiting TNF-α binding. As an endogenous agonist, BI-1910 activates TNFR2 and mediates the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Its agonistic activity is independent of FcγR or cross-linking; it can directly costimulate T cells and NK cells, induce T cell proliferation, and activate tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. BI-1910 exhibits antitumor activity in vivo, and shows an additive antitumor effect when combined with anti-PD-1 (HY-P9902). It can be used in research related to advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recommended isotype control: Human IgG2 lambda, Isotype Control (HY-P991206).

Arecaidine hydrobromide is a GABA transport system inhibitor. Arecaidine hydrobromide inhibits the proliferation of oral mucosal fibroblasts, increases the secretion of IL-6, TGF-β and TNF-α in cells, downregulates the expression of PPAR-γ and PCK1 in cells, and upregulates the expression of TGF-β1. Arecaidine hydrobromide inhibits the uptake of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-alanine by the central nervous system of cats. Arecaidine hydrobromide inhibits hPAT1-mediated L-[³H]proline uptake in cells. Arecaidine hydrobromide can be used in research related to neurological diseases.

RP-182 acetate is a synthetic immunomodulatory peptide that exerts anti-tumor effects by targeting the mannose receptor CD206 (K_d = 8 μM) on the surface of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). RP-182 acetate induces a conformational switch of the CD206 receptor, which activates NF-κB signaling and phagocytosis in CD206^high TAMs. RP-182 acetate has dual function: activation of canonical NF-κB signaling, triggering TNFα secretion and autocrine activation of the TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), leading to activation of caspase 8, apoptosis, and cell death. RP-182 acetate is used in pancreatic cancer and melanoma research.

SMU-Z1 is a TLR1/2 heterodimer agonist with an EC₅₀ of 4.88 nM. SMU-Z1 activates the NF-κB pathway, triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and induces the generation of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO. SMU-Z1 promotes splenocyte proliferation and upregulates the expression of CD8⁺T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells. SMU-Z1 exhibits significant anti-tumor effects in mouse leukemia models. SMU-Z1 can be used for leukemia-related research.