Ankaflavin
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Ankaflavin, isolated from Monascus-Fermented red rice, is an orally active PPARγ agonist. Ankaflavin exhibits selective cytotoxic effect and induces cell death through apoptosis on cancer cells. Ankaflavin has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic, and hypolipidemic effects.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 98.22%
- CAS No.: 50980-32-0
- Formula: C23H30O5
- Molecular Weight:386.48
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
PPARγ[2].
Cellular Effect
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Cell Line
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Type | Value | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-431 | IC50 |
7.05 μM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells after 72 hrs
Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells after 72 hrs
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[PMID: 20655237] |
| IGROV-1 | IC50 |
5.08 μM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human IGROV1 cells after 72 hrs
Antiproliferative activity against human IGROV1 cells after 72 hrs
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[PMID: 20655237] |
| NCI-H460 | IC50 |
30 μM
Compound: 6
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Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs
Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H460 cells after 72 hrs
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[PMID: 20655237] |
In Vitro
Ankaflavin (0-50 µg/mL, 48 h) shows cytotoxicity against cancer cells with no significant toxicity toward normal cells[1].
Ankaflavin (0-30 µg/mL, 0-48 h) arrests Hep G2 cell cycle at sub-G1 phase in a dose- and time-dependent manner[1].
Ankaflavin (25 µg/mL, 48 h) induces Hep G2 cell apoptosis[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:A549, Hep G2, MRC-5 and WI-38
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Concentration:1, 10, 25, and 50 µg/mL
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Showed cytotoxicity against A549 and Hep G2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with no significant toxicity toward normal cells (MRC-5 and WI-38).
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Cell Line:Hep G2 cells
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Concentration:15, 20, 25, and 30 µg/mL
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Incubation Time:12, 24, 36, and 48 h
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Result:Induced a distinct sub-G1 peak in Hep G2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner.
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Cell Line:Hep G2 cells
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Concentration:25 µg/mL
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Incubation Time:48 h
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Result:Exhibited significant chromatin condensation (fluorescent spot) through Hoechst staining.
In Vivo
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Wistar rats (4 weeks of age), diabetes was induced by treating them with Methylglyoxal (MG) (600 mg/kg; oral) for 4 weeks[2]
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Dosage:10 mg/kg
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Administration:Oral administration for 28 days
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Result:Exerted PPARγ agonist activity. Effectively reduced AGE (advanced glycation end-products) levels in serum, liver, and pancreas of MG-induced rats.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 50980-32-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 386.48
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Formula C23H30O5
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Color Light yellow to yellow
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SMILES
O=C([C@@H]1C(CCCCCCC)=O)O[C@]2(C)[C@]1([H])CC(C=C(/C=C/C)OC3)=C3C2=O
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (129.37 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.23 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (3.23 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 1.25 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (12.5 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL. * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Cell Cytotoxicity Assay
Cytotoxicity assays are usually based on the assessment of cell membrane damage, which can also be indirectly detected by measuring cell viability. Detection methods include MTT assay, CKK-8 assay, LDH assay and ATP assay, etc.
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Mammalian live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining
Live/dead viability and cytotoxicity staining assays are based on the simultaneous detection of intracellular esterase activity in metabolically active (viable) cells and membrane integrity loss in non-viable cells. In commonly used dual-staining approaches, membrane-permeant fluorogenic substrates are converted by intracellular esterases into fluorescent products in live cells, while impermeant DNA-binding dyes selectively enter cells with compromised plasma membranes and label nucleic acids in dead or dying cells, enabling discrimination between viable and non-viable populations by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
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Cell Viability Determination by MTT Colorimetric Assay
The following protocol uses the MTT colorimetric assay as a classic literature-established method for assessing cell viability/metabolic activity in cultured mammalian cells. MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] is reduced by metabolically active cells to a colored formazan product; the amount of formazan is quantified spectrophotometrically and provides an indirect measure of metabolically active viable cells. Importantly, MTT reduction reflects cellular oxidoreductase/metabolic activity rather than an absolute direct count of living cells, so changes in cellular metabolism can alter the signal independently of cell number.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Su NW, et al. Ankaflavin from Monascus-fermented red rice exhibits selective cytotoxic effect and induces cell death on Hep G2 cells. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Mar 23;53(6):1949-54. [Content Brief]
[2]. Lee BH, et al. Ankaflavin: a natural novel PPARγ agonist upregulates Nrf2 to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced diabetes in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012 Dec 1;53(11):2008-16. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.5875 mL | 12.9373 mL | 25.8746 mL | 64.6864 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5175 mL | 2.5875 mL | 5.1749 mL | 12.9373 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2587 mL | 1.2937 mL | 2.5875 mL | 6.4686 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1725 mL | 0.8625 mL | 1.7250 mL | 4.3124 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1294 mL | 0.6469 mL | 1.2937 mL | 3.2343 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1035 mL | 0.5175 mL | 1.0350 mL | 2.5875 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0862 mL | 0.4312 mL | 0.8625 mL | 2.1562 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0647 mL | 0.3234 mL | 0.6469 mL | 1.6172 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0517 mL | 0.2587 mL | 0.5175 mL | 1.2937 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0431 mL | 0.2156 mL | 0.4312 mL | 1.0781 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0323 mL | 0.1617 mL | 0.3234 mL | 0.8086 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0259 mL | 0.1294 mL | 0.2587 mL | 0.6469 mL |
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