Dihydroethidium
Based on 171 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Dihydroethidium, also known as DHE, is a peroxide indicator. Dihydroethidium penetrates cell membranes to form a fluorescent protein complex with blue fluoresces. After entering the cells, Dihydroethidium is mainly localized in the cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus, and the staining effect is the strongest in the nucleus. Dihydroethidium produces inherent blue fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 370 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm; after dehydrogenation, Dihydroethidium combines with RNA or DNA to produce red fluorescence with a maximum excitation wavelength of 300 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 610 nm. 535 nm can also be used as the excitation wavelength for actual observation.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.83%
- CAS No.: 104821-25-2
- Formula: C21H21N3
- Molecular Weight:315.42
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Storage:
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Dihydroethidium
More- Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2025 Sep 26;10(1):310. [Abstract]
- Adv Mater. 2026 Apr;38(21):e22987. [Abstract]
- Drug Resist Updat. 2025 Jul:81:101224. [Abstract]
- Nat Aging. 2026 Feb;6(2):316-328. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2025 Jul 22;19(28):25744-25756. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2024 Jan 23;18(3):2370-2383. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2026 Jan 27;17(1):2061. [Abstract]
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- Acta Pharm Sin B. 2025 Nov;15(11):5908-5932. [Abstract]
- Autophagy. 2025 Jan;21(1):178-190. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Nov 11:e08957. [Abstract]
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- Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Jan 28;2021:6621232. [Abstract]
- Journal of Zhengzhou University. 2018 (02): 147-150.
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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IF
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IF
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IF
Biological Activity
Guidelines (The following is our recommended protocol. This protocol only provides guidance and should be modified according to your specific needs).
Preparation of Dihydroethidium working solution
1.1 Preparation of stock solution
Dissolve 1 mg Dihydroethidium in 0.317 mL DMSO to obtain a 10 mM Dihydroethidium stock solution.
Note: It is recommended to store the stock solution at -20°C or -80°C, protected from light, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
1.2 Preparation of Dihydroethidium working solution
Dilute in serum-free cell culture medium or PBS to prepare a 1-10 μM Dihydroethidium working solution.
Note: Please adjust the concentration of the Dihydroethidium working solution according to actual conditions.
Cell staining
2.1 Suspension cells: Centrifuge at 1000 g at 4°C for 3-5 minutes and discard the supernatant. Wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.
Adherent cells: Remove the cell culture medium, add trypsin to dissociate the cells, and prepare a single-cell suspension. Centrifuge at 1000 g at 4°C for 3-5 minutes, then discard the supernatant. Wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.
2.2 Add 1 mL Dihydroethidium working solution and incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes.
2.3 Centrifuge at 400 g at 4°C for 3-4 minutes and discard the supernatant.
2.4 Wash twice with PBS for 5 minutes each time.
2.5 Resuspend the cells in serum-free cell culture medium or PBS, then detect using a fluorescence microscope (adherent cells do not require digestion) or flow cytometer.
Storage
-20°C, 1 year
Protect from light
Notes
1. It is recommended to store the stock solution at -20°C or -80°C, protected from light, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
2. Please adjust the concentration of the Dihydroethidium working solution according to actual conditions.
3. This product is for research use only.
4. For your safety and health, please wear a lab coat and disposable gloves during operation.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
616
518
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 104821-25-2
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 315.42
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Formula C21H21N3
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Color Pale purple to light pink
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SMILES
NC1=CC=C2C3=C(C=C(N)C=C3)C(C4=CC=CC=C4)N(CC)C2=C1
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Synonyms
Hydroethidine; PD-MY 003
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, protect from light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)
Publications (171)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Signal Transduct Target Ther
Reprogramming of cancer metabolism via photoresponsive nano-PROTAC enhances pyroptosis-mediated immunotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Sep 26;10(1):310. PMID: 40998785 -
Adv Mater
Nanocascade Engineering Workshop for Synergistic Microenvironment Reprogramming and EpSC Revitalization in Precise Diabetic Wound Therapy. [Abstract]2026 Apr;38(21):e22987. PMID: 41834283 -
Drug Resist Updat
DTX2 attenuates Lenvatinib-induced ferroptosis by suppressing docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis through HSD17B4-dependent peroxisomal β-oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Jul:81:101224. PMID: 40058099 -
Nat Aging
Comparative analysis of senolytic drugs reveals mitochondrial determinants of efficacy and resistance. [Abstract]2026 Feb;6(2):316-328. PMID: 41611832 -
ACS Nano
Selenium Nanoplatform Engages Tranexamic Acid to Alleviate Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Pigmentation via Inflammatory Response. [Abstract]2025 Jul 22;19(28):25744-25756. PMID: 40637361 -
ACS Nano
Surface-Charge-Driven Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Is Involved in Toxicity Diversity in the Marine Bivalve Exposed to Nanoplastics. [Abstract]2024 Jan 23;18(3):2370-2383. PMID: 38189275 -
Nat Commun
Sensight enables quantitative multivariate engineering of high-performance chemical imaging tools. [Abstract]2026 Jan 27;17(1):2061. PMID: 41593056 -
Nat Commun
A mass spectrometry-based strategy allows signature metabolite identification in tear fluid from people with diabetic cataracts. [Abstract]2025 Nov 21;16(1):10246. PMID: 41271624 -
Nat Commun
FAD synthase confers ferroptosis resistance and restrains CD8+ T cell recruitment in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]2025 Oct 29;16(1):9547. PMID: 41162372 -
Nat Commun
FTO deficiency in older livers exacerbates ferroptosis during ischaemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating ACSL4 and TFRC. [Abstract]2024 Jun 4;15(1):4760. PMID: 38834654 -
Acta Pharm Sin B
DNAzyme targeting RIP3 suppresses NLRP3-mediated necroinflammation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. [Abstract]2025 Nov;15(11):5908-5932. PMID: 41311405 -
Autophagy
TRIM21-mediated ubiquitination of SQSTM1/p62 abolishes its Ser403 phosphorylation and enhances palmitic acid cytotoxicity. [Abstract]2025 Jan;21(1):178-190. PMID: 39172027 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Mitochondrial CISD1 Modulates Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming to Drive Stress Susceptibility in Mice. [Abstract]2025 Nov 11:e08957. PMID: 41215712 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Structure-Tailoring Cerium Nanozymes with Self-Cascade ROS Scavenging Catalysis Modulate the Microbiota-Gut-Joint Axis for Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy. [Abstract]2025 Sep 29:e12281. PMID: 41024355 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
P21-Activated Kinase 2 as a Novel Target for Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias Associated with Cardiac Adrenergic Stress and Hypertrophy. [Abstract]2025 May;12(17):e2411987. PMID: 40068092 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Liposomes for Biomimetic Delivery of Cyclosporine A for Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Prevention. [Abstract]2024 Jun 20:e2404171. PMID: 39031840 -
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J Adv Res
Dysregulated ITGA3/FAK/YAP axis mediates impaired alveolar type II epithelial cells function in COPD. [Abstract]2025 Nov 19:S2090-1232(25)00929-4. PMID: 41270956 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Targeting NOTCH1-KEAP1 axis retards chronic liver injury and liver cancer progression via regulating stabilization of NRF2. [Abstract]2025 Aug 9;44(1):232. PMID: 40781716 -
Microbiome
Gut microbiota dysbiosis orchestrates vitiligo-related oxidative stress through the metabolite hippuric acid. [Abstract]2025 May 6;13(1):112. PMID: 40329424 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Intraoperative application of an antioxidant nanoparticle-hydrogel targeting microglia regulates neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]2025 Sep 1;23(1):599. PMID: 40890874 -
Sci Adv
Lysosomal zinc nanomodulation blocks macrophage pyroptosis for counteracting atherosclerosis progression. [Abstract]2025 Jun 27;11(26):eadu3919. PMID: 40561010 -
Redox Biol
Redox compartmentalization drives functional heterogeneity of mature insulin secretory vesicles in pancreatic β-cells. [Abstract]2025 Aug 27:86:103847. PMID: 40902318 -
Redox Biol
Gut microbiome and metabolites mediate the benefits of caloric restriction in mice after acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2024 Nov:77:103373. PMID: 39357422 -
Redox Biol
Lpp of Escherichia coli K1 inhibits host ROS production to counteract neutrophil-mediated elimination. [Abstract]2023 Feb:59:102588. PMID: 36592568 -
J Control Release
Modified montmorillonite armed probiotics with enhanced on-site mucus-depleted intestinal colonization and H2S scavenging for colitis treatment. [Abstract]2024 Aug 14:374:140-153. PMID: 39117113 -
Environ Sci Technol
Chronic Dietary Exposure to Environmental Levels of Glyphosate Increases the Risk of Reproductive Dysfunction in Male Mice. [Abstract]2025 Aug 5;59(30):15705-15719. PMID: 40698942 -
J Hazard Mater
Potential mechanisms of aortic medial degeneration promoted by co-exposure to microplastics and lead. [Abstract]2024 Jun 7:475:134854. PMID: 38889468 -
J Hazard Mater
Long-term polystyrene nanoparticles exposure reduces electroretinal responses and exacerbates retinal degeneration induced by light exposure. [Abstract]2024 Jul 15:473:134586. PMID: 38776811 -
Pharmacol Res
2026 May:227:108169. PMID: 41871675 -
ACS Cent Sci
An Epigenetic Switch for Sex-Specific Brain Resilience in Stroke: Targeting HDAC2 to Amplify Endogenous Oxytocin Signaling. [Abstract]2026 Mar 25;12(4):497-523. PMID: 42038487 -
Mater Today Bio
Iron overload disrupts lipid desaturation through SKN-1 signaling in C. elegans: implications for ferroptosis-based immunomodulatory biomaterials. [Abstract]2026 Mar 10:37:103010. PMID: 41859643 -
Cell Mol Biol Lett
Xanthosine alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through attenuation of cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jul 28;30(1):93. PMID: 40722060 -
Int J Biol Sci
Interaction between dual specificity phosphatase-1 and cullin-1 attenuates alcohol-related liver disease by restoring p62-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]2023 Mar 21;19(6):1831-1845. PMID: 37063418 -
Biomater Res
Liposome-Encapsulated Rutin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity via Suppression of P53-Associated Oxidative Injury. [Abstract]2026 Feb 10:30:0324. PMID: 41676218 -
Cell Death Dis
SIRT5-mediated BCAT1 desuccinylation and stabilization leads to ferroptosis insensitivity and promotes cell proliferation in glioma. [Abstract]2025 Apr 7;16(1):261. PMID: 40195331 -
Cell Death Dis
BCAT2 binding to PCBP1 regulates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit autophagy-related apoptosis and ferroptosis in prostate cancer. [Abstract]2025 Apr 24;16(1):337. PMID: 40274762 -
Acta Biomater
Cyclosporine A-loaded apoferritin alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by simultaneously blocking ferroptosis and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. [Abstract]2023 Apr 1:160:265-280. PMID: 36822483 -
Cell Death Dis
MSCs ameliorate hepatocellular apoptosis mediated by PINK1-dependent mitophagy in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through AMPKα activation. [Abstract]2020 Apr 20;11(4):256. PMID: 32312955
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2020 Apr 20;11(4):256. [Abstract]
The levels of ROS production in the liver tissues are determined by Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining as previously described. In brief, frozen sections of liver tissues in each group (5-μm-thick) are prepared and incubated with DHE (7.5 mM) for 30 min in the dark at 37 °C.
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Genes Dis
Selenoprotein GPX3 regulates NADPH oxidase expression by inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway and thereby attenuating the inflammatory response in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2025 Apr 11;13(2):101640. PMID: 41492475 -
Cell Commun Signal
β2 integrin regulates neutrophil trans endothelial migration following traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]2025 Feb 8;23(1):70. PMID: 39923080 -
Int J Biol Macromol
CircEGLN1 alleviates calcium oxalate-induced renal injury via miR-212-5p/STARD7 axis, offering a potential strategy for kidney stone prevention. [Abstract]2025 Sep;321(Pt 1):145938. PMID: 40685053 -
Phytomedicine
Brusatol induced ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2/SLC7A11 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 May 30:144:156912. PMID: 40494017 -
Phytomedicine
Zexie decoction reduce glucose-dependent lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. [Abstract]2023 Nov:120:155036. PMID: 37643530 -
Phytomedicine
Bcl-xL is required for the protective effects of low-dose berberine against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through blocking apoptosis and activating mitophagy-mediated ROS elimination. [Abstract]2022 Jul;101:154130. PMID: 35526324 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Bilirubin-Albumin Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Hydrogels for the Treatment of Pelvic Organ Prolapse. [Abstract]2026 Feb 4;18(4):6626-6638. PMID: 41571273 -
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Free Radic Biol Med
Salvianolic acid B drives gluconeogenesis and peroxisomal redox remodeling in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: A metabolism regulation by metabolite signal crosstalk. [Abstract]2025 Mar 1:229:399-414. PMID: 39855316 -
Free Radic Biol Med
The NRF2 activator RTA-408 ameliorates chronic alcohol exposure-induced cognitive impairment and NLRP3 inflammasome activation by modulating impaired mitophagy initiation. [Abstract]2024 Aug 1:220:15-27. PMID: 38679301 -
Free Radic Biol Med
Cigarette smoke induces the ROS accumulation and iNOS activation through deactivation of Nrf-2/SIRT3 axis to mediate the human bronchial epithelium ferroptosis. [Abstract]2023 May 1:200:73-86. PMID: 36871899
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 May 1:200:73-86. [Abstract]
The Dihydroethidium (DHE; 10 μM; 1 h), Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123, 5 μM; 1 h), FerroOrange and C11 BODIPY probes detect O2• − (red fluorescence),OONO − (green fluorescence), Fe 2+ (orange fluorescence), and lipid peroxides (red fluorescence in the unoxidized state and green fluorescence in the oxidized state), respectively, In normal lung tissue from 10 smoking patients and 10 non-smoking patients.
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 May 1:200:73-86. [Abstract]
The Dihydroethidium (DHE; 5-20 μM; 1 h), Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123, 5 μM, 15-60 min) probes were used to detect ROS intensities in CS-induced bronchial epithelial ferroptosis. Control, and 0.5%,1%, and 2% CSE were used to stimulate BEAS-2B cells for 48 h.
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Chemosphere
Maternal exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes defective retinal development and function in progeny mice by disturbing metabolic profiles. [Abstract]2024 Mar:352:141513. PMID: 38387657 -
Sci Total Environ
Micro/nanoplastics impair the feeding of goldfish by disrupting the complicated peripheral and central regulation of appetite. [Abstract]2024 Jun 20:174112. PMID: 38908581 -
Br J Pharmacol
Astaxanthin suppresses thrombosis by inhibiting both platelet activation and blood coagulation. [Abstract]2026 Jun;183(11):2890-2912. PMID: 41702374 -
Br J Pharmacol
Clemastine attenuates subarachnoid haemorrhage pathology in a mouse model via Nrf2/SQSTM1-mediated autophagy. [Abstract]2025 Jun;182(12):2730-2753. PMID: 40052261 -
Neoplasia
ZC3H15 suppression ameliorates bone cancer pain through inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress and microglial inflammation. [Abstract]2025 Feb 4:61:101123. PMID: 39908779 -
J Transl Med
Gallic acid alleviates exercise-induced muscle damage by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. [Abstract]2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. PMID: 39780143 -
Biomed Pharmacother
Penfluridol regulates p62 / Keap1 / Nrf2 signaling pathway to induce ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells. [Abstract]2024 Jul 11:177:117094. PMID: 38996707 -
Diabetes
Dorzagliatin, a Dual-Acting Glucokinase Activator, Increases Insulin Secretion and Glucose Sensitivity in Glucokinase-Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (GCK-MODY) and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes. [Abstract]2023 Feb 1;72(2):299-308. PMID: 36342518 -
Stem Cell Res Ther
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Oncogene
Rictor orchestrates β-catenin/FOXO balance by maintaining redox homeostasis during development of ovarian cancer. [Abstract]2025 Jun;44(23):1820-1832. PMID: 40133477 -
Aging Cell
SIRT1 Prevents Lens Epithelial Cell Senescence During Age-Related Cataract via Regulating p66Shc. [Abstract]2025 Jun 26:e70155. PMID: 40569566 -
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Neural Regen Res
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Antioxidants (Basel)
2023 Sep 13;12(9):1754. PMID: 37760057 -
Antioxidants (Basel)
Oxidative and Inflammatory Imbalance in Placenta and Kidney of sFlt1-Induced Early-Onset Preeclampsia Rat Model. [Abstract]2022 Aug 19;11(8):1608. PMID: 36009326
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Aug 19;11(8):1608. [Abstract]
Superoxide anion production was measured by using the fluorescent dye Dihydroethidium (DHE). The DHE fluorescence assay detected nuclear O2●− through a chemical reaction between superoxide and DHE, whereby the latter was oxidized to ethidium.
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Antioxidants
Retinoprotective Effect of Wild Olive (Acebuche) Oil-Enriched Diet against Ocular Oxidative Stress Induced by Arterial Hypertension. [Abstract]2020 Sep 18;9(9):885. PMID: 32961933
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Antioxidants. 2020 Sep 18;9(9):885. [Abstract]
Paraffin sections (5 μm) were used to measure retinal and choroidal ROS production using a fluorescent dye with Dihydroethidium (DHE) for 20 min at 37 °C.
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Int J Nanomedicine
NIR-Programmed Trimodal Macrophage Nanovectors for Effective Anti-Tumor Therapy in Mice Model. [Abstract]2025 Sep 18:20:11295-11314. PMID: 40989888 -
Int J Nanomedicine
2025 Feb 18:20:2119-2131. PMID: 39990289 -
Mol Med
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Mol Med
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Cell Mol Life Sci
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Antioxid Redox Signal
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Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
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Biochem Pharmacol
Wedelolide A induces ferroptosis and apoptosis in gastric cancer via keap1/Nrf2 modulation and ROS generation. [Abstract]2026 Jan;243(Pt 1):117519. PMID: 41192684 -
Cell Prolif
Targeting ROCK1/YAP1 Axis Ameliorates Inflammation-Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia via Stabilising SIRT1-Dependent Mitochondrial Dynamics. [Abstract]2025 Jul 4:e70085. PMID: 40616266 -
Biochem Pharmacol
GPR40 inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation via the NLRP3/IL-1β/glutaminase pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage. [Abstract]2025 May 1:116971. PMID: 40318813 -
Ocul Surf
Hyperosmotic stress-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channel in dry eye corneal epithelium. [Abstract]2025 Jan 18:36:106-118. PMID: 39832672 -
Geroscience
Sex dimorphism in the cardiovascular responses to d-galactose-induced accelerated aging: effects of HO-1 modulation. [Abstract]2026 Mar 15. PMID: 41832379 -
Virulence
Klebsiella pneumoniae induced ferroptosis by inhibition of the Nrf2/xCT/GPX4 pathway in bovine mastitis: In vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]2025 Dec;16(1):2600142. PMID: 41343264 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Shentong Zhuyu Decoction mitigates exercise-induced muscle damage through modulation of AMPK-mediated lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. [Abstract]2026 Feb 28:357:120941. PMID: 41270908 -
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J Ethnopharmacol
Jianpi Huayu Jiedu Decoction prevents the progression of H. pylori and MNU-induced gastric precancerous lesions by inhibiting ferroptosis and remodeling linoleic acid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Aug 29:352:120217. PMID: 40602501 -
J Ethnopharmacol
Elemene mitigates oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through the regulation of glutathione metabolism. [Abstract]2024 Nov 29:340:119166. PMID: 39617083 -
Chem Biol Interact
Trifluoperazine activates AMPK / mTOR / ULK1 signaling pathway to induce mitophagy in osteosarcoma cells. [Abstract]2024 Apr 1:392:110904. PMID: 38360085 -
Chem Biol Interact
Scutebarbatine A induces ROS-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis in breast cancer cells by modulating MAPK and EGFR/Akt signaling pathway. [Abstract]2023 Jun 1:378:110487. PMID: 37072049 -
Int J Pharm
OPHTHALMIC WILD OLIVE (ACEBUCHE) OIL NANOEMULSIONS EXERT OCULOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. [Abstract]2024 Jan 5:649:123602. PMID: 37967686 -
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Life Sci
Integrated multi-omics profiling identifies Cmpk1 as a monocyte-specific therapeutic target for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2025 Aug 21:380:123924. PMID: 40848967 -
Life Sci
KAT2A-mediated H3K79 succinylation promotes ferroptosis in diabetic nephropathy by regulating SAT2. [Abstract]2025 May 21:123746. PMID: 40409584 -
Life Sci
2020 Sep 15;257:118072. PMID: 32659367 -
Inflammation
4-Octyl Itaconate Attenuates Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Enhancing Osteogenesis via the Nrf2 Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Feb 22. PMID: 39984770 -
Inflammation
Evidence that a Novel Chalcone Derivative, Compound 27, Acts on the Epithelium Via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway, to Mitigate LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. [Abstract]2025 Apr;48(2):590-606. PMID: 38789816 -
CNS Neurosci Ther
The neurotrophic activities of brain-derived neurotrophic factor are potentiated by binding with apigenin, a common flavone in vegetables, in stimulating the receptor signaling. [Abstract]2023 Oct;29(10):2787-2799. PMID: 37101380 -
Int J Mol Sci
CD36 Induces Inflammation by Promoting Ferroptosis in Pancreas, Epididymal Adipose Tissue, and Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Obesity-Related Severe Acute Pancreatitis. [Abstract]2025 Apr 8;26(8):3482. PMID: 40331957 -
Int J Mol Sci
Ischemic Rescue Potential of Conditioned Medium Derived from Skeletal Muscle Cells-Seeded Electrospun Fiber-Coated Human Amniotic Membrane Scaffolds. [Abstract]2024 Oct 30;25(21):11697. PMID: 39519249 -
Cell Mol Neurobiol
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibition Promotes Mitophagy via Miro1 Reduction to Rescue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Protect Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. [Abstract]2025 May 29;45(1):53. PMID: 40439946 -
Biomolecules
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Bioorg Chem
Structural characterization of a water-soluble α-D-glucan from Crepis lignea roots and its alleviation of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in Drosophila melanogaster. [Abstract]2026 Jun 15:174:109726. PMID: 41812426 -
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
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Int Immunopharmacol
GPR75 knockdown alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in hippocampal neurons via AMPK pathway in diabetic mice. [Abstract]2025 Dec 3:166:115638. PMID: 41043317 -
Int Immunopharmacol
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Eur J Pharmacol
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Eur J Pharmacol
Atorvastatin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting oxidative stress and ferroptosis signaling. [Abstract]2024 May 31:176699. PMID: 38825302 -
Eur J Pharmacol
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Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
2022 Nov 1;63(12):18. PMID: 36374514 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Fibroblast growth factor 10 protects against particulate matter-induced lung injury by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated pyroptosis via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2022 Dec;113(Pt A):109398. PMID: 36461597 -
Cancers (Basel)
2022 Nov 15;14(22):5601. PMID: 36428695 -
Ann Med
ESRRG downregulation in early spontaneous abortion induces mitochondrial damage, leading to impaired trophoblast function. [Abstract]2026 Dec;58(1):2622749. PMID: 41623023 -
J Physiol Biochem
Hypertension secondary to nitric oxide depletion produces oxidative imbalance and inflammatory/fibrotic outcomes in the cornea of C57BL/6 mice. [Abstract]2022 Nov;78(4):915-932. PMID: 35943663 -
Exp Neurol
Physical exercise protects neurons from energy deficit and improves cognitive function by upregulating astrocytic Slc2a1 in Alzheimer's disease. [Abstract]2025 Oct 6:395:115493. PMID: 41061790 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Nrf2 protects against oxidative damage induced by hemoglobin in the liver of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). [Abstract]024 Nov 29;1871(3):167600. PMID: 39615659 -
Exp Neurol
Knockout of neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 ameliorates neuroinflammation and motor deficit after traumatic brain injury. [Abstract]2024 Dec:382:114983. PMID: 39357591 -
Microorganisms
Functional Characterization of Ao4g24: An Uncharacterized Gene Involved in Conidiation, Trap Formation, Stress Response, and Secondary Metabolism in Arthrobotrys oligospora. [Abstract]2024 Jul 26;12(8):1532. PMID: 39203374 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
IGF2BP3-stabilized CAMK1 regulates the mitochondrial dynamics of renal tubule to alleviate diabetic nephropathy. [Abstract]2024 Mar;1870(3):167022. PMID: 38216068 -
iScience
Mechanical overloading leads to chondrocyte degeneration and senescence via Zmpste24-mediated nuclear membrane instability. [Abstract]2023 Oct 4;26(11):108119. PMID: 37965144 -
Toxics
Mechanism of Vascular Toxicity in Rats Subjected to Treatment with a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. [Abstract]2020 Jul 20;8(3):49. PMID: 32698382 -
Neurochem Int
Apelin regulates mitochondrial dynamics by inhibiting Mst1-JNK-Drp1 signaling pathway to reduce neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. [Abstract]2024 Oct 19:105885. PMID: 39433147 -
Sci Rep
Noninvasive PET imaging of LPS-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle using a ROS-targeting radiotracer. [Abstract]2026 Jan 9;16(1):4917. PMID: 41513984 -
Food Sci Nutr
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Neurochem Res
Doxophylline, a Non-Selective Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor, Protects Against Chronic Fatigue-Induced Neurobehavioral, Biochemical, and Mitochondrial Alterations. [Abstract]2024 Nov 27;50(1):34. PMID: 39601912 -
Cell Signal
Leptin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced cardiac remodeling via regulating cGAS/STING signaling and Opa1-mediated mitochondrial fusion. [Abstract]2025 Apr 15:111805. PMID: 40246132 -
Cell Signal
2024 Jul:119:111188. PMID: 38657846 -
Arch Pharm (Weinheim)
Identification and Validation of Novel Lactylation-Related Gene Signature in Dilated Cardiomyopathy. [Abstract]2025 Nov;358(11):e70154. PMID: 41287366 -
Heliyon
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Pathol Res Pract
PUM1 enhances PAK6 mRNA stability and contributes to growth and ferroptosis resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. [Abstract]2025 Sep:273:156094. PMID: 40694989 -
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
Fortunellin's dual role in mitigating ferroptosis and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2026 Jan 9. PMID: 41511538 -
Funct Integr Genomics
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Ren Fail
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Arch Biochem Biophys
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Br J Nutr
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Free Radic Res
Metformin suppresses metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease by ferroptosis and apoptosis via activation of oxidative stress. [Abstract]2024 Nov;58(11):686-701. PMID: 39422606 -
Am J Cancer Res
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Brain Res
Dynamic changes of oligodendrogenesis in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. [Abstract]2023 Oct 15:1817:148495. PMID: 37481153 -
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
Combination of Tanshinone IIA and Matrine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Supressing Ferroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway Activation. [Abstract]2025 Nov;52(11):e70072. PMID: 41063422 -
Mol Biotechnol
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J Cardiovasc Dev Dis
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J Cardiovasc Dev Dis
Development and Validation of Robust Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. [Abstract]2023 Aug 12;10(8):344. PMID: 37623357 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
The role and mechanism of asiaticoside in regulating smooth muscle cell mitochondrial Drp1 during neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. [Abstract]2025 Dec 5:795:153102. PMID: 41371186 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
2025 Nov 27:794:153066. PMID: 41313944 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Troponin T3 ameliorates sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats through modulation of Cacna1s. [Abstract]2025 May 28:775:152112. PMID: 40460485 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Hypoxic preconditioned aged BMSCs accelerates MI injury repair by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. [Abstract]2022 Oct 30:627:45-51. PMID: 36007334 -
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Stem Cells Dev
Overexpression of NDNF Improves the Cytoprotective Effects of Aged Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. [Abstract]2024 Aug;33(15-16):432-437. PMID: 38801165 -
Am J Med Sci
Identification and validation of leukemia inhibitory factor as a protective factor in ischemic acute kidney injury. [Abstract]2025 Apr;369(4):524-536. PMID: 39313116 -
Int J Ophthalmol
Effect of miR-27b-3p and Nrf2 in human retinal pigment epithelial cell induced by high-glucose. [Abstract]2023 Oct 18;16(10):1582-1588. PMID: 37854382 -
Neurol Res
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide ameliorates neurotoxicity in Alzheimer disease mice by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid raft formation through AMPK/GSK3β/Nrf2 pathway. [Abstract]2025 Sep 13:1-18. PMID: 40946159 -
Mol Vis
2021 Apr 2:27:161-178. PMID: 33907371 -
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
GLX351322, a Novel NADPH Oxidase 4 Inhibitor, Attenuates TMJ Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the ROS/MAPK/NF- κ B Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]2023 Jan 30:2023:1952348. PMID: 36756301 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
MicroRNA 101 Attenuated NSCLC Proliferation through IDH2/HIF α Axis Suppression in the Warburg Effect. [Abstract]2022 Oct 18:2022:4938811. PMID: 36304962 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Dexpramipexole Attenuates White Matter Injury to Facilitate Locomotion and Motor Coordination Recovery via Reducing Ferroptosis after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. [Abstract]2022 Aug 4;2022:6160701. PMID: 35965685
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022 Aug 4;2022:6160701. [Abstract]
Brain sections are incubated in 10 μM Dihydroethidium (DHE) solution for 1 h in dark at 37 °C.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
Ageing Increases Cardiac Electrical Remodelling in Rats and Mice via NOX4/ROS/CaMKII-Mediated Calcium Signalling. [Abstract]2022 Mar 28;2022:8538296. PMID: 35387264 -
Oxid Med Cell Longev
Programmed NP Cell Death Induced by Mitochondrial ROS in a One-Strike Loading Disc Degeneration Organ Culture Model. [Abstract]2021 Aug 31;2021:5608133. PMID: 34512867
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Aug 31;2021:5608133. [Abstract]
Nucleus pulposus (NP) slices are incubated with a culture medium containing 10 μM Dihydroethidium and 1 μg/mL calcein AM for one hour at 37°C. After washing with PBS, the slices are immediately viewed using an inverted confocal laser scanning microscope.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
2021 Jun 20:2021:5546711. PMID: 34239689
Dihydroethidium purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Jun 20:2021:5546711. [Abstract]
HUVECs are washed with M199 and stained with Dihydroethidium (DHE, 10 μM) at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 30 min. After washing 3 times with M199, ethidium fluorescence is observed and photographed under an inversion fluorescence microscope.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev
S-Nitroso-L-Cysteine Ameliorated Pulmonary Hypertension in the MCT-Induced Rats through Anti-ROS and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. [Abstract]2021 Jan 28;2021:6621232. PMID: 33574976 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (317.04 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMSO | 1 mM | 3.1704 mL | 15.8519 mL | 31.7038 mL | 79.2594 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6341 mL | 3.1704 mL | 6.3408 mL | 15.8519 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3170 mL | 1.5852 mL | 3.1704 mL | 7.9259 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.2114 mL | 1.0568 mL | 2.1136 mL | 5.2840 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1585 mL | 0.7926 mL | 1.5852 mL | 3.9630 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1268 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.2682 mL | 3.1704 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1057 mL | 0.5284 mL | 1.0568 mL | 2.6420 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0793 mL | 0.3963 mL | 0.7926 mL | 1.9815 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0634 mL | 0.3170 mL | 0.6341 mL | 1.5852 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0528 mL | 0.2642 mL | 0.5284 mL | 1.3210 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0396 mL | 0.1981 mL | 0.3963 mL | 0.9907 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0317 mL | 0.1585 mL | 0.3170 mL | 0.7926 mL |