Isoflurane
Based on 23 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Isoflurane is a volatile anaesthetic. Isoflurane diminishs the effect of ROS activity. Isoflurane suppresses respiration. Isoflurane enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence. Isoflurane protects against noise-induced hearing loss and tissue damage in mice. Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and modulates leukocyte infiltration.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.27%
- CAS No.: 26675-46-7
- Formula: C3H2ClF5O
- Molecular Weight:184.49
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Storage:Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Isoflurane
More- Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Nov 5. [Abstract]
- Chem Eng J. 2025 Dec 16;527:171909.
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2026 Jun;15(22):e71147. [Abstract]
- Br J Pharmacol. 2026 Jun 2. [Abstract]
- Neural Regen Res. 2026 Apr 1;21(4):1641-1651. [Abstract]
- Phytother Res. 2025 Aug;39(8):3578-3600. [Abstract]
- Liver Int. 2026 Jun;46(6):e70696. [Abstract]
- Inflammation. 2025 Jun 18. [Abstract]
- Int Immunopharmacol. 2025 Dec 15:169:116035. [Abstract]
- Discov Nano. 2026 May 2;21(1):157. [Abstract]
- Cancer Sci. 2026 Jul;117(7):1883-1893. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2025 Jun;1871(5):167786. [Abstract]
- Lipids Health Dis. 2023 Jan 25;22(1):13. [Abstract]
- Transl Oncol. 2026 Feb:64:102658. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Apr 18;16(1):18101. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Feb 13;16(1):8754. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 8. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2025 Oct 13;15(1):35701. [Abstract]
- Brain Res Bull. 2026 Apr:237:111839. [Abstract]
- Animal Model Exp Med. 2025 Apr;8(4):696-706. [Abstract]
- J Integr Neurosci. 2025 Mar 28;24(4):31375. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Lett. 2026 Apr 26:877:138560. [Abstract]
- bioRxiv. 2025 Jun 16.
Biological Activity
Isoflurane (0.04-2000 μM) specifically inhibits complex I-coupled respiration in permeabilized thoracic tissues of *Drosophila melanogaster*, with an IC50 of approximately 356 μM[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Anesthesia with 1.2% Isoflurane (inhalation) significantly alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice by improving renal function, reducing necrosis, and regulating inflammation and leukocyte infiltration[3].
Isoflurane (2.8%-5%; inhalation; 2-50 min) enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence (1-2 min) in healthy female C57BL/6J mice[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:BALB/c (4 weeks of age, normal Preyer’s reflex, normal hearing threshold)[2]
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Dosage:1.2 to 1.5 vol%
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Administration:inhaled; 3 hours per day; 3 consecutive days
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Result:Recorded a pre-exposure hearing threshold of 14.1 ± 4 dB HL, which increased to 44.1 ± 7 dB HL 1 day after noise exposure, 35.8 ± 4 dB HL 1 week after exposure, and 26.5 dB HL 1 month after exposure. Observed 90% survival rate of outer hair cells in the basal turn (80% of the total length from the apex), and 100% survival rate of inner hair cells in the basal turn.
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Animal Model:C57BL/6 (male, 25-30g, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury model)[3]
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Dosage:1.2%
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Administration:inhaled
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Result:Measured plasma creatinine at 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/dL at 3 h and 1.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL at 24 h after ischemia, values significantly lower than pentobarbital group at both time points; Detected renal tubular necrosis grade at 0.8 ± 0.3 at 24 h after ischemia, significantly lower than pentobarbital group; Recorded renal cortical myeloperoxidase activity at 1.8 ± 0.4 OD/min per mg protein at 24 h after ischemia, significantly lower than pentobarbital group; Quantified neutrophil infiltration at 13.5 ± 7.3 neutrophils/mm² at 24 h after ischemia, significantly lower than pentobarbital group; Reduced ICAM-1 expression, macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory mRNA (TNF-α, IL-1β, KC, ICAM-1) upregulation, and NFκB nuclear translocation compared to pentobarbital group; Observed significantly less CD3+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ lymphocyte infiltration at 3 h after ischemia; Found CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration not statistically different between isoflurane and pentobarbital groups at 3 h after ischemia; Noted only NK1.1+ lymphocyte reduction persisted at 24 h after ischemia, with CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts not significantly different between isoflurane and pentobarbital groups at 24 h after ischemia
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 26675-46-7
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Appearance Liquid (Density: 1.5 g/cm3)
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Molecular Weight 184.49
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Formula C3H2ClF5O
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
FC(F)(F)C(Cl)OC(F)F
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Pure form -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Publications (23)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cancer Commun (Lond)
HMGB3 promotes brain metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma by recruiting SSBP1 for nuclear translocation to remodel mitochondrial metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Nov 5. PMID: 41194553 -
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Adv Healthc Mater
An Integrated Nanozyme-Exosome Platform for Multi-Targeted Therapy of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. [Abstract]2026 Jun;15(22):e71147. PMID: 41968605 -
Br J Pharmacol
Activated gasdermin E (GSDME) amplifies endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in β-adrenoceptor overactivation-induced cardiac injury. [Abstract]2026 Jun 2. PMID: 42226696 -
Neural Regen Res
The Cullin3-Ring E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and USP14 regulate spastin-mediated microtubule severing and promotion of neurite outgrowth. [Abstract]2026 Apr 1;21(4):1641-1651. PMID: 40587243 -
Phytother Res
IL-23 Receptor Agonism by Mulberroside C Activates the RASGRP1/RAS/ERK Pathway Contributing to Leukopenia Treatments. [Abstract]2025 Aug;39(8):3578-3600. PMID: 40619172 -
Liver Int
Curcumin Targets Crispld2 to Suppress Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via PI3K/AKT Pathway Inhibition in Hepatic Fibrosis. [Abstract]2026 Jun;46(6):e70696. PMID: 42130159 -
Inflammation
Pharmacological Activation of GPR68 Attenuates Ferroptosis in Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through PI3K/Akt-Mediated Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun 18. PMID: 40528120 -
Int Immunopharmacol
Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric BZT Nanocubes mediate direct Piezocatalytic killing and reverse immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for effective hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. [Abstract]2025 Dec 15:169:116035. PMID: 41401658 -
Discov Nano
Engineering L-Arg@ZIF-8 nanoparticles to modulate the immune-osteogenic-angiogenic microenvironment for accelerated bone fracture healing. [Abstract]2026 May 2;21(1):157. PMID: 42068476 -
Cancer Sci
Decreased Expression of FAT4 Promotes Multiple Myeloma Proliferation and Migration by Targeting the Hippo/YAP Pathway. [Abstract]2026 Jul;117(7):1883-1893. PMID: 42023818 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Silencing RGS7 attenuates atrial fibrillation progression by activating the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Jun;1871(5):167786. PMID: 40086518 -
Lipids Health Dis
Determination of endogenous sphingolipid content in stroke rats and HT22 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation by LC‒MS/MS. [Abstract]2023 Jan 25;22(1):13. PMID: 36698123 -
Transl Oncol
Zeaxanthin targets TOP2A to regulate autophagy and suppress lung cancer progression via the MAPK/ERK pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb:64:102658. PMID: 41496415 -
Sci Rep
Wogonin attenuates psoriasis through anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Apr 18;16(1):18101. PMID: 42000881 -
Sci Rep
Cadmium exposure induces renal fibrosis by inhibiting hsa_circ_0075684/miR-363-3p/KLF4 signaling pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb 13;16(1):8754. PMID: 41688661 -
Sci Rep
Lactate regulates the YTHDF2-FTH1 axis to promote cardiomyocyte ferroptosis and aggravate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. [Abstract]2026 Jan 8. PMID: 41507543 -
Sci Rep
HMMR mediates progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inhibiting FAM83D ubiquitination and activating beta-catenin signaling pathway. [Abstract]2025 Oct 13;15(1):35701. PMID: 41083782 -
Brain Res Bull
Dexmedetomidine ameliorates postoperative delirium-like behavior in aged mice by restoring microglial autophagy via MAPK14 inhibition. [Abstract]2026 Apr:237:111839. PMID: 41865902 -
Animal Model Exp Med
Experimental study of a novel mouse model of tibial shaft fracture combined with blunt chest trauma. [Abstract]2025 Apr;8(4):696-706. PMID: 38225728 -
J Integr Neurosci
Resveratrol Alleviates Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Damage by Inhibiting NR3C2-Mediated TRIM28 Expression. [Abstract]2025 Mar 28;24(4):31375. PMID: 40302259 -
Neurosci Lett
Inhibition of the NF-κB/STAT3 pathway to reduce spinal microglia activation: a mechanism by which manual acupuncture alleviates rheumatoid arthritis. [Abstract]2026 Apr 26:877:138560. PMID: 41763350 -
Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (542.03 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (276 KB)
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SDS (419 KB)
- English - EN (419 KB)
- Français - FR (419 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (419 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (419 KB)
- Español - ES (419 KB)
- Swedish - SV (419 KB)
- Italian - IT (419 KB)
- Korean - KR (419 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (419 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Rodriguez E, et al. Anaesthetics disrupt complex I-linked respiration and reverse the ATP synthase. Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg. 2025;1866(1):149511. [Content Brief]
[2]. Kim JU, et al. Protective effect of isoflurane anesthesia on noise-induced hearing loss in mice. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(11):1996-1999. [Content Brief]
[3]. Lee HT, et al. Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and modulates leukocyte infiltration in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007;293(3):F713-F722. [Content Brief]
[4]. Cesarovic N, et al. Isoflurane and sevoflurane provide equally effective anaesthesia in laboratory mice. Lab Anim. 2010;44(4):329-336. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 5.4203 mL | 27.1017 mL | 54.2035 mL | 135.5087 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0841 mL | 5.4203 mL | 10.8407 mL | 27.1017 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5420 mL | 2.7102 mL | 5.4203 mL | 13.5509 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3614 mL | 1.8068 mL | 3.6136 mL | 9.0339 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2710 mL | 1.3551 mL | 2.7102 mL | 6.7754 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2168 mL | 1.0841 mL | 2.1681 mL | 5.4203 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1807 mL | 0.9034 mL | 1.8068 mL | 4.5170 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1355 mL | 0.6775 mL | 1.3551 mL | 3.3877 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1084 mL | 0.5420 mL | 1.0841 mL | 2.7102 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0903 mL | 0.4517 mL | 0.9034 mL | 2.2585 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0678 mL | 0.3388 mL | 0.6775 mL | 1.6939 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0542 mL | 0.2710 mL | 0.5420 mL | 1.3551 mL |
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