LISK

LISK is the clan-level branch of the TKL group whose name combines its three constituent subfamilies: LRRK, IRAK, and STKR. These kinases share a TKL-type catalytic domain decorated with tandem regulatory modules — leucine-rich repeats, death domains, ankyrin repeats, or extracellular ligand-binding segments — that place receptor-proximal sensing directly on the kinase itself. Functionally they span innate immunity (IRAKs), TGF-beta/SMAD signaling in development and homeostasis (STKRs), and vesicle and cytoskeleton control (LRRKs). LISK proteins are drug targets in inflammation, fibrosis, and Parkinson's disease. Recombinant LISK-family kinases serve signaling, interaction, and inhibitor-discovery studies.