Art. -Nr.: HY-N0523A

Gallic acid hydrate

(Synonyms: 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate)

18 Cited Publications

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Based on 18 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities.

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Reinheit: 98.87%
CAS. Nr.: 5995-86-8
Formel: C₇H₈O₆
Molecular Weight:188.13

Speicherung:

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Gallic acid hydrate Chemical Structure

CAS. Nr.: 5995-86-8

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Biologische Aktivität
- Beschreibung
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (18)
Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Reinheit & Dokumentation
Verweise
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biologische Aktivität

Beschreibung

Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) hydrate is a natural polyhydroxyphenolic compound and an free radical scavenger to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)^[1]. Gallic acid hydrate has various activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticance activities^[2].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

COX-2

Microbial Metabolite

Alle COX Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen :

In Vitro

Gallic acid is an antioxidant which can inhibit both COX-2^[1]. After 18 h treatment with Gallic acid, the number of viable neutrophils is dramatically decreased from 40.3% to 27.7%, highly comparable with 26.4% for untreated neutrophils. Gallic acid fails to attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocytolysis^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

The food intake (2.6±0.08 g/day, p=0.69) and the body weight (2.5±0.69 g, p=0.76) of the Gallic acid group do not differ significantly from those of the control group (food intake; 2.41±0.14 g/day and the body weight; 2.83±0.84 g/day). The blood glucose tolerance in the Gallic acid group is significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. The blood glucose tolerance of the Gallic acid group after a treatment period of 2 weeks is also significantly better than that of the control group at 90 and 120 min ( p<0.05). The serum triglyceride concentration in the Gallic acid group (0.67±0.03 mM, p<0.05) is significantly reduced relative to that of the control group (1.08±0.20 mM). The total cholesterol concentration is similar in the control (3.19±0.27 mM) and Gallic acid (3.01±0.18 mM) groups^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS. Nr. 5995-86-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 188.13
Formel C₇H₈O₆
Color White to off-white
SMILES

O=C(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1.O
Synonyms

3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid hydrate
Structure Classification
- Phenols
- Polyphenols
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Versand

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Speicherung

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Publications (18)

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Journal Impact Factor

Biomaterials

Polyphenol-assisted facile assembly of bioactive nanoparticles for targeted therapy of heart diseases. [Abstract]

2021 Aug:275:120952. PMID: 34147720
Phytomedicine

Cinchonain Ia inhibits uric acid reabsorption by binding to the TRP-459 residue of the GLUT9 protein. [Abstract]

2026 May 14:157:158292. PMID: 42176511
Phytomedicine

Apigenin suppresses keratinocyte hyperproliferation and inflammation in psoriasis by inhibiting CDK2/E2F2 pathway. [Abstract]

2025 Aug:144:156486. PMID: 40516287
Phytomedicine

Fangchinoline suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by inhibiting SQLE to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway dysregulation. [Abstract]

2025 May:140:156484. PMID: 40090046
Food Chem

Discovery of novel ascorbic acid derivatives and other metabolites in fruit of Rosa roxburghii Tratt through untargeted metabolomics and feature-based molecular networking. [Abstract]

2023 Mar 30;405(Pt A):134807. PMID: 36370576
J Transl Med

Gallic acid alleviates exercise-induced muscle damage by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. PMID: 39780143

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]

Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining revealed that after intervention with the ferroptosis inhibitor Fer-1 or Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.), the muscle fibers were more orderly arranged, and some muscle cells exhibited mild edema and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration.

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]

Detection of IL-6, TNF-α, CK, LDH, Fe2⁺ and MDA levels significantly reduced treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by ELISA.

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]

After Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) intervention, both Piezo1 and COX2 were significantly decreased, and the expression of GPX4 and FTH1 was increased by Western blot.

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]

Detection of Piezo1, GPX4, FTH1 and COX2 mRNA levels treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue by RT-qPCR.

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2025 Jan 8;23(1):30. [Abstract]

Immunohistochemical detection of Piezo1 and GPX4 expression treated with Gallic acid (GA) (200 mg/kg/d, i.g.) in skeletal muscle tissue of different groups of mice.
Pharmaceutics

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Lung Cell Inflammation by Triphala-Loaded Nanoparticle Targeting Spike Glycoprotein S1. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. PMID: 38931873

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]

A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid, and Chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), and IL-18 secretions (C) in the culture supernatant were examined by ELISA.

Gallic acid hydrate purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmaceutics. 2024 Jun 2;16(6):751. [Abstract]

Inhibitory effects of active compounds (Gallic acid, Chebulagic acid and Chebulinic acid) on the IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), IL-18 (C), and NLRP3 gene expressions (D) in CoV2-SP-induced A549 cells. A549 cells were pre-treated with active compounds (gallic acid, chebulagic acid and chebulinic acid) (0–20 µg/mL) for 24 h. Then, the cells were exposed to CoV2-SP (100 ng/mL) for 3 h. The mRNA expressions were determined using RT-qPCR.
J Ethnopharmacol

Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting nucleus pulposus cell pyroptosis via gallic acid-mediated downregulation of HIF-1α. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 1:358:120957. PMID: 41317810
Nat Prod Bioprospect

Exploring anti-SARS-CoV-2 natural products: dual-viral target inhibition by delphinidin and the anti-coronaviral efficacy of deapio platycodin D. [Abstract]

2025 Jun 13;15(1):39. PMID: 40512442
Eur J Pharmacol

Laccase-mediated functionalization of natamycin by gallic acids for the therapeutic effect on Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. [Abstract]

2022 Jul 5:926:175041. PMID: 35597265
Pestic Biochem Physiol

Mechanistic insights into chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as novel juvenile hormone antagonists. [Abstract]

2025 Dec:215:106655. PMID: 41162045
Plants

Metabolites of Prickly Rose: Chemodiversity and Digestive-Enzyme-Inhibiting Potential of Rosa acicularis and the Main Ellagitannin Rugosin D. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 20;10(11):2525. PMID: 34834888
Oncol Res

Gallic acid suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity through IL-6/STAT3/Notch pathway. [Abstract]

2025 May 29;33(6):1473-1484. PMID: 40486873
J Sep Sci

Oriented Immobilization Coupled With Ligand Fishing Strategy for Rapid Discovery of Direct HMGB1 Inhibitors in Taxus wallichiana var. mairei. [Abstract]

2026 Apr;49(4):e70402. PMID: 41906428
J Immunol Res

Low-Dose Gallic Acid Administration Does Not Improve Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders and Atherosclerosis in Apoe Knockout Mice. [Abstract]

2022 May 23;2022:7909971. PMID: 35652108
J Appl Toxicol

Evaluation of the effect of green tea and its constituents on embryo development in a zebrafish model. [Abstract]

2023 Feb;43(2):287-297. PMID: 35982029
Arch Oral Biol

Gallic acid promotes M2 macrophage polarization through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in periodontitis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:174:106237. PMID: 40107001
Res Sq

2024 Aug 26.

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (265.77 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

5.3155 mL

26.5774 mL

53.1547 mL

5 mM

1.0631 mL

5.3155 mL

10.6309 mL

10 mM

0.5315 mL

2.6577 mL

5.3155 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molaritätsrechner

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Konzentration Konzentration

Volumen Volumen

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Verdünnungsrechner

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} × Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} = Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} × Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)} Konzentration _{(Stammlösung)}

Volumen _{(Stammlösung)} Volumen _{(Stammlösung)}

Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)} Konzentration _{(Ziellösung)}

Volumen _{(Ziellösung)} Volumen _{(Ziellösung)}

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (13.29 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Select Batch:

Reinheit: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (279 KB)
SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Korean - KR (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

Verweise

[1]. Amaravani M, et al. COX-2 structural analysis and docking studies with gallic acid structural analogues. Springerplus. 2012 Dec;1(1):58. [Content Brief]

[2]. Bak EJ, et al. Gallic acid improves glucose tolerance and triglyceride concentration in diet-induced obesity mice. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013 Dec;73(8):607-14. [Content Brief]

[3]. Cheng Y, et al. Plant Natural Products Calycosin and Gallic Acid Synergistically Attenuate Neutrophil Infiltration and Subsequent Injury in Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction: A Possible Role for Leukotriene B4 12-Hydroxydehydrogenase? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:434052. [Content Brief]

[4]. Felipe Hugo Alencar Fernandes, et al. Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification. Crit Rev Anal Chem [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	5.3155 mL	26.5774 mL	53.1547 mL	132.8868 mL
	5 mM	1.0631 mL	5.3155 mL	10.6309 mL	26.5774 mL
	10 mM	0.5315 mL	2.6577 mL	5.3155 mL	13.2887 mL
	15 mM	0.3544 mL	1.7718 mL	3.5436 mL	8.8591 mL
	20 mM	0.2658 mL	1.3289 mL	2.6577 mL	6.6443 mL
	25 mM	0.2126 mL	1.0631 mL	2.1262 mL	5.3155 mL
	30 mM	0.1772 mL	0.8859 mL	1.7718 mL	4.4296 mL
	40 mM	0.1329 mL	0.6644 mL	1.3289 mL	3.3222 mL
	50 mM	0.1063 mL	0.5315 mL	1.0631 mL	2.6577 mL
	60 mM	0.0886 mL	0.4430 mL	0.8859 mL	2.2148 mL
	80 mM	0.0664 mL	0.3322 mL	0.6644 mL	1.6611 mL
	100 mM	0.0532 mL	0.2658 mL	0.5315 mL	1.3289 mL

Keywords

Gallic acid hydrate

18 Cited Publications

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Gallic acid hydrate

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Gallic acid hydrate

Alle COX Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Alle Endogenous Metabolite Isoform-spezifische Produkte anzeigen

Biologische Aktivität

Chemical Information

Publications (18)

Lösungsmittel & Löslichkeit

Reinheit & Dokumentation

Verweise

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Gallic acid hydrate Related Classifications

HY-N0523A Related Classifications