Apadenoson
Based on 1 Customer Validation
Apadenoson (BMS 068645) is a selective A2A adenosine receptor agonist and coronary vasodilator with a Ki of 0.5 nM for hA2AAR. Apadenoson induces anti-inflammatory signaling and reduces cytokine production. Apadenoson decreases weight loss in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice. Apadenoson exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity. Apadenoson can be used for research on COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity : 99.05%
- CAS No.: 250386-15-3
- Formula: C23H30N6O6
- Molecular Weight:486.52
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Storage:Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocols
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
All Adenosine Receptor Isoforms
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Biological Activity
Description
IC50 & Target
[1]|
hA2AAR 0.5 nM (Ki) |
In Vitro
Apadenoson exhibits a Ki of 0.5 nM at the hA2A adenosine receptor[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
In Vivo
Apadenoson exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of liver injury[2].
Apadenoson exerts potent anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of spinal cord injury[2].
Apadenoson (1.5 µg/kg/h; osmotic pump; continuous; 7 days) improves survival and reduces weight loss and symptom scores in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice, and delayed administration delays death[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Tg(K18-hACE2)2Prlmn (Jackson Laboratories, male, 17-26 weeks old)[4]
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Dosage:1.5 µg/kg/hr (no delay); 1.5 µg/kg/hr (delayed 5 h post-infection)
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Administration:Osmotic pump; continuous; seven days; implanted 18 h before infection, with delayed delivery to 5 h post-infection
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Result:Survived to day 12 in 24% (4/17) with Apadenoson no delay, 30% (5/17) with Apadenoson delayed, and 0% (0/18) with vehicle.
Delayed time to death with Apadenoson delayed.
Reduced weight loss and lowered symptom scores with both Apadenoson groups versus vehicle.
Clinical Trial
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 250386-15-3
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 486.52
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Formula C23H30N6O6
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Color White to off-white
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SMILES
NC1=C2C(N([C@@H]3O[C@H](C(NCC)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)C=N2)=NC(C#CC[C@H]4CC[C@H](C(OC)=O)CC4)=N1
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Synonyms
BMS 068645; DWH 146e
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro:
DMSO : ≥ 100 mg/mL (205.54 mM; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
In Vivo:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.14 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.14 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Protocols
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Cotton Pellet Granuloma
Cotton pellet granuloma is a classical in vivo chronic inflammation model used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of test substances by measuring their ability to inhibit granuloma tissue formation around an implanted foreign body (cotton pellet) in rodents. The method is based on the biological response to a sterile implanted material, which induces proliferative phase inflammation characterized by fibroblast proliferation and collagen-rich granuloma formation, and the final readout reflects the extent of chronic inflammatory tissue growth surrounding the pellet. In multiple preclinical pharmacological evaluations, inhibition of cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation has been used as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity in both synthetic and natural product screening contexts.
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Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema
Carrageenan-induced paw edema is an acute inflammation model in which intraplantar injection of carrageenan induces localized inflammatory swelling characterized by vascular permeability, leukocyte infiltration, and production of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and cytokines, making it widely used to evaluate anti-inflammatory agents in vivo. The resulting paw volume or thickness increase is quantified over time as a direct readout of inflammatory intensity and drug efficacy, typically reflecting cyclooxygenase-mediated prostaglandin-driven edema formation and immune cell recruitment in peripheral tissue[20].
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DSS-Induced Colitis
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis is generated by administering DSS in mouse drinking water, producing epithelial injury, barrier disruption, weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, colon shortening, histologic mucosal damage, and inflammatory mediator changes; the model is mainly used to study acute or chronic intestinal inflammation resembling selected features of ulcerative colitis. DSS injury is interpreted through clinical and tissue readouts rather than a single molecular endpoint: daily body weight, stool consistency, and bleeding are combined into a disease activity index, while colon length, histology, cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, intestinal permeability, and tight-junction markers provide complementary measures of inflammation and barrier damage.
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TNBS-Induced Colitis
TNBS-induced colitis is produced by intrarectal delivery of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in ethanol, where ethanol disrupts the mucosal barrier and TNBS haptenates colonic proteins, generating immune-mediated colonic inflammation with weight loss, diarrhea, ulceration, transmural injury, inflammatory-cell infiltration, and cytokine responses. The model is used as an experimental intestinal inflammation model with Crohn’s disease–like features, especially when Th1-type responses, IL-12–dependent inflammation, chronic relapsing inflammation, or fibrosis-related endpoints are studied.
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Research Protocol for Inflammation-related Diseases
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic innate immune signaling platform that integrates priming signals and danger-signal activation to promote caspase-1 activation, maturation of IL-1β and IL-18, and gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death. The core experimental logic is to determine whether inflammatory disease phenotypes are driven by increased NLRP3 expression, ASC-containing inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 cleavage, GSDMD cleavage, and extracellular release of IL-1β/IL-18 rather than by nonspecific cell injury alone. The pathway is strongly linked to inflammation-related disease phenotypes because monosodium urate crystals activate NALP3/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in gout-like crystal inflammation, cholesterol crystals activate NLRP3 inflammasomes in atherogenesis models, and DSS-induced intestinal inflammation has been reported to involve NLRP3 inflammasome activity. However, experimental colitis studies also show context-dependent protective effects of NLRP3 inflammasome co
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (275 KB)
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SDS (251 KB)
- English - EN (251 KB)
- Français - FR (251 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (251 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (251 KB)
- Español - ES (251 KB)
- Swedish - SV (251 KB)
- Italian - IT (251 KB)
- Korean - KR (251 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (251 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Preti D, et al. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor. J Med Chem. 2015 Apr 9;58(7):3253-67. [Content Brief]
[2]. Antoniu SA, et al. Discontinued drugs for pulmonary, allergy, gastrointestinal, arthritis (2012). Expert opinion on investigational drugs. 2013 Nov;22(11):1453-64. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 2.0554 mL | 10.2771 mL | 20.5541 mL | 51.3854 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4111 mL | 2.0554 mL | 4.1108 mL | 10.2771 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2055 mL | 1.0277 mL | 2.0554 mL | 5.1385 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.1370 mL | 0.6851 mL | 1.3703 mL | 3.4257 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.1028 mL | 0.5139 mL | 1.0277 mL | 2.5693 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0822 mL | 0.4111 mL | 0.8222 mL | 2.0554 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0685 mL | 0.3426 mL | 0.6851 mL | 1.7128 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0514 mL | 0.2569 mL | 0.5139 mL | 1.2846 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0411 mL | 0.2055 mL | 0.4111 mL | 1.0277 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0343 mL | 0.1713 mL | 0.3426 mL | 0.8564 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0257 mL | 0.1285 mL | 0.2569 mL | 0.6423 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0206 mL | 0.1028 mL | 0.2055 mL | 0.5139 mL |
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