Rhodamine 110

Rhodamine 110 is less toxic than the parent molecule based on the intravenous LD₅₀ acute toxicity values of 89.5 mg/kg and 140.0 mg/kg for Rhodamine B and Rhodamine 110, respectively. Both molecules induce liver and kidney enlargement after ingestion, and male rats show more significant increases than female rats after Rhodamine 110 exposure. In addition, testis weight increased in male rats dosed with Rhodamine 110. The pharmacokinetics of Rhodamine 110 are assessed following oral administration at two dosages (3 and 10 mg/kg) and intravenous administration at one dosage (3 mg/kg). Pharmacokinetic parameters are calculated using an extravascular input and IV-bolus input, noncompartmental model analysis conducted with WinNonlin Standard Edition. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Rhodamine 110 indicates that the maximum plasma concentrations (C_max) of the two oral dosages are 283.4 and 657.0 ng/mL, which are reached at 140 and 210 min, respectively. This indicates that Rhodamine 110 absorption is not rapid after ingestion, as it took over 2 h to be absorbed from the intestines into the blood. The areas under the concentration–time curves (AUCs) for the two dosages are 138.1±20.3 and 444.0±170.8 h ng/mL. The pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that the AUC is proportional to the administered oral dose of Rhodamine 110 (3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg). Furthermore, the clearance (Cl) of the two orally administered doses is 7.94 and 8.61 mL/min/kg, respectively^[1].