Isotope-Labeled Prenol Lipids

Paclitaxel-d₅ is a deuterium-labeled Paclitaxel. Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring antineoplastic agent and stabilizes tubulin polymerization.

Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E-d₄ TFA is the deuterium-labeled Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (HY-134928). Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E (A2E)is an initiator of blue-light-induced apoptosis. Photoactivation of Pyridinium bisretinoid A2E mediates autophagy and the production of reactive oxygen species.

α-Vitamin E-d₆ is the deuterium labeled α-Vitamin E.

Retinoic acid-d₅ is the the deuterium labeled Retinoic acid (HY-14649). Retinoic acid is a metabolite of vitamin A that plays important roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis. Retinoic acid is a natural agonist of RAR nuclear receptors, with IC₅₀s of 14 nM for RARα/β/γ. Retinoic acid bind to PPARβ/δ with K_d of 17 nM. Retinoic acid acts as an inhibitor of transcription factor Nrf2 through activation of retinoic acid receptor alpha.

β-Carotene-d₈ is the deuterium labeled β-Carotene (HY-N0411).

Fumagillin-¹³C₂₆ (Amebacilin-¹³C₂₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Fumagillin (HY-B0751). Fumagillin(NSC9168) is an antimicrobial compound first isolated in 1949 from the fungus Aspergillus fumigatu. Fumagillin can inhibits HIV‐1 infection through the inhibition of HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) activity.

Helvolic acid-¹³C₃₃ (Fumigacin-¹³C₃₃) is the ¹³C-labeled Helvolic acid (HY-N6728). Helvolic acid (Fumigacin) is an antibiotic isolated from Xylaria sp, active against the Gram-positive bacteria.

Adapalene-¹³C₆ (CD271-¹³C₆) is the ¹³C-labeled Adapalene (HY-B0091). Adapalene (CD271), a third-generation synthetic retinoid, is widely used for the research of acne. Adapalene is a potent RAR agonist, with AC₅₀s of 2.3 nM, 9.3 nM, and 22 nM for RARβ, RARγ, RARα, respectively. Adapalene also inhibits the enzymatic activity of GOT1 in a non-competitive manner. Adapalene exhibits anti-tumor activity.

Farnesyl pyrophosphate-d₂ (Farnesyl diphosphate-d₂) triammonium is a deuterium labeled Farnesyl pyrophosphate triammonium (HY-113037C). Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is a metabolic intermediate in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway. It is a TRP channel (TRPM2) agonist that triggers Ca2+ influx and cell death. Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is a key branch substrate for cholesterol synthesis, ubiquinone synthesis, protein farnesylation, and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthesis. Farnesyl pyrophosphate ammonium is used in research on cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, pancreatic cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases.

9-cis-Retinoic acid-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 9-cis-Retinoic acid. 9-cis-Retinoic acid (ALRT1057), a vitamin A derivative, is a potent RAR/RXR agonist. 9-cis-Retinoic acid induces apoptosis, regulates cell cycle and has anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection activities.

Vitamin K1-d₇ is the deuterium labeled Vitamin K1. Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism.

Vitamin K1-¹³C₆ is the ¹³C-labeled Vitamin K1. Vitamin K1 a naturally occurring vitamin required for blood coagulation and bone and vascular metabolism.

Oleanolic acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Oleanolic Acid. Oleanolic acid (Caryophyllin) is a natural compound from plants with anti-tumor activities.

Thymol-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled Thymol. Thymol is the main monoterpene phenol occurring in essential oils isolated from plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and other plants such as those belonging to the Verbenaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Ranunculaceae and Apiaceae families. Thymol has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects.

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid-d₃ is deuterium labeled 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Coenzyme Q10-d₆ is deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

Troglitazone-d₄ is deuterium labeled Troglitazone. Troglitazone is a PPARγ agonist, with EC50s of 550 nM and 780 nM for human and murine PPARγ receptor, respectively.

Coenzyme Q10-d₉ is the deuterium labeled Coenzyme Q10. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor of the electron transport chain and a potent antioxidant agent.

γ-Tocopherol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled γ-Tocopherol. γ-Tocopherol (D-γ-Tocopherol) is a potent cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor. γ-Tocopherol is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin E in many plant seeds, such as corn oil and soybeans. γ-Tocopherol possesses antiinflammatory properties and anti-cancer activity.

Menaquinone-4-d₇ (Vitamin K2(MK-4)-d7) is the deuterium labeled Menaquinone-4. Menaquinone-4 is a vitamin K, used as a hemostatic agent, and also a adjunctive therapy for the pain of osteoporosis.