Lipid Classification

Desmethylglycitein (4',6,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone), a metabolite of daidzein, sourced from Glycine max with antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities. Desmethylglycitein binds directly to CDK1 and CDK2 in vivo, resulting in the suppresses CDK1 and CDK2 activity. Desmethylglycitein is a direct inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC)α, against solar UV (sUV)-induced matrix matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Desmethylglycitein binds to PI3K in an ATP competitive manner in the cytosol, where it inhibits the activity of PI3K and downstream signaling cascades, leading to the suppression of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Sakuranetin is a cherry flavonoid phytoalexin, shows strong antifungal activity. Sakuranetin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury.

5-Heptadecylresorcinol (AR-C17), a phenolic lipid component, is also an orally active mitochondrial protector. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol improves mitochondrial function via sirtuin3 signaling pathway, thus alleviates endothelial cell damage and apoptosis. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol induces sirtuin3-mediated autophagy. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol reduces the atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic root region of mice heart. 5-Heptadecylresorcinol can be used for research of atherosclerosis prevention and obesity.

7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) is a flavonoid, which can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone is eotaxin/CCL11 inhibitor and CBR1 inhibitor (IC50=0.28 μM). 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone has the ability to consistently suppress eotaxin production and prevent dexamethasone (Dex)‐paradoxical adverse effects on eotaxin production. 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) inhibits MUC5AC gene expression, mucus production and secretion via regulation of NF-κB, STAT6 and HDAC2.7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) decreases phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cell MUC5AC gene expression and mucus production with IC50 value of 1.4 µM.

Prunetin, an O-methylated isoflavone, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. Prunetin is a potent human aldehyde dehydrogenases inhibitor.

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and an agonist of the liver X receptor.

11beta-Hydroxyprogesterone is a potent inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; also activates human mineralocorticoid receptor in COS-7 cells with an ED50 of 10 nM.

Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid, found in the tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Tomatine elicits neurotoxicity in RIP1 kinase and caspase-independent manner. Tomatine promotes the upregulation of nuclear apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in neuroblastoma cells. Tomatine also inhibits 20S proteasome activity.

Genipin 1-β-D-gentiobioside (Genipin 1-gentiobioside) is one of the most abundant and bioactive iridoid glycosides in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, which possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antithrombotic activities.

Acevaltrate inhibits the Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the rat kidney and brain hemispheres with IC50s of 22.8 μM and 42.3 μM, respectively.

Gardenoside is an orally active natural compound found in Gardenia fruits. Gardenoside reliefs chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain by regulating the P2X3 and P2X7 receptors. Gardenoside has an inhibitory effect on free fatty acids (FFA)-induced cellular steatosis. Gardenoside reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Gardenoside can be used for anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and hepatoprotective study.

Salvigenin is a natural polyphenolic compound, with neuroprotective effect. Salvigenin has antitumor cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties. Salvigenin inhibits H2O2-induced cell apoptosis.

Visnagin, an antioxidant furanocoumarin derivative, possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Visnagin has substantial potential to prevent Cerulein induced acute pancreatitis (AP). Visnagin possess promising vasodilator effects in vascular smooth muscles.

Gamabufotalin (Gamabufagin), a main active compound isolated from Chinese medicine Chansu, has been shown to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth and inflammatory response. Gamabufotalin could inhibite angiogenesis by inhibiting the activation of VEGFR-2 signaling pathways.

Bufotalin is a steroid lactone isolated from Venenum Bufonis with potently antitumor activities. Bufotalin induces cancer cell apoptosis and also induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation.

Arenobufagin is a natural bufadienolide that can be extracted from toad venom. Arenobufagin can induce apoptosis and autophagy in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Arenobufagin has potent antineoplastic activity against HCC HepG2 cells as well as corresponding multidrug-resistant HepG2/ADM cells. Arenobufagin can inhibit VEGF-mediated angiogenesis through suppression of VEGFR-2 signaling pathway.

16:0-18:1(n7) PC-IsoPure is an isomerically pure mixed-acyl glycerophospholipid.

Kuwanon S is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from the root bark of Morus alba L. Kuwanon S is commonly used in organic synthesis and biochemistry experiments.

10(R)-Hydroxystearic acid is a derivative of Oleic acid (HY-N1446). 10(R)-Hydroxystearic acid can be biocatalytically produced by Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103.

Annulatin (3-O-Methylmyricetin) is an α-helical peptide. Annulatin shows histamine releasing activity from mast cells and low hemolytic activity.