LOX-1

LOX-1, the lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 encoded by OLR1, is the principal scavenger receptor for oxidized LDL on vascular endothelium, and it is also found on macrophages, platelets, and smooth-muscle cells. A type II membrane protein with a short cytoplasmic tail, a helically twisted neck, and a C-type lectin-like domain, it is induced by oxLDL itself, shear stress, angiotensin II, and inflammatory cytokines. Ligand binding activates NF-κB and MAPK signaling, generating reactive oxygen species, adhesion molecules, and endothelial dysfunction that drive atherogenesis; a shed soluble form may serve as a cardiovascular biomarker. Recombinant LOX-1 is used in oxLDL-binding assays and atherosclerosis research.