Indocyanine green
Based on 44 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Indocyanine green (Foxgreen) is a low toxicic fluorescent agent that has been widely used in medical diagnostics, such as determining cardiac output, hepatic function, and liver blood flow, and for ophthalmic angiography (Ex/Em = 785/813 nm).
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 98.29%
- CAS No.: 3599-32-4
- Formula: C43H47N2NaO6S2
- Molecular Weight:774.96
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Indocyanine green
More- Bioact Mater. 2025 Apr 29:50:525-539. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2024 Mar 5;18(9):7267-7286. [Abstract]
- ACS Nano. 2020 May 26;14(5):6191-6212. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(14):e2500825. [Abstract]
- Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Dec;9(34):e2203088. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2026 Sep:332:124156. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2024 Sep 4:314:122809. [Abstract]
- Biomaterials. 2021 Feb:269:120648. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2026 Jan 13;24(1):143. [Abstract]
- J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Jul 16;23(1):522. [Abstract]
- Small. 2026 Apr;22(20):e12540. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2025 Nov 19:389:114428. [Abstract]
- J Control Release. 2022 Sep 22;351:151-163. [Abstract]
- Nano Today. 2024 Dec.
- Research (Wash D C). 2026 Apr 27:9:1207. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Mar 17;7(3):102635. [Abstract]
- Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct:196:106939. [Abstract]
- Mater Today Bio. 2025 Nov 1:35:102495. [Abstract]
- Cell Death Dis. 2026 Mar 26;17(1):381. [Abstract]
- Biomater Res. 2025 Nov 7:29:0280. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Jan;14(1):e2401851. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2022 May;144:132-141. [Abstract]
- Small Methods. 2020 Oct 8.
- View. 2026 Mar 22.
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2026 May 13;18(18):25949-25959. [Abstract]
- ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025 Feb 26;17(8):11795-11810. [Abstract]
- Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Aug 7:19:8071-8090. [Abstract]
- Int J Nanomedicine. 2023 May 23:18:2757-2776. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Med. 2018 Sep;42(3):1273-1282. [Abstract]
- Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2021 Oct:206:111912. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 19;24(10):9013. [Abstract]
- Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Mar 7;24(6):5111. [Abstract]
- ACS Omega. 2026 May 25;11(22):32321-32335. [Abstract]
- Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2024 Nov:204:114509. [Abstract]
- Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2020 Jan 1;1866(1):165583. [Abstract]
- Xenotransplantation. 2020 Jan;27(1):e12550. [Abstract]
- Sci Rep. 2026 Jan 4;16(1):3943. [Abstract]
- Opt Lett. 2019 Sep 1;44(17):4432-4435. [Abstract]
- Biomed Opt Express. 2021 Sep 22;12(10):6474-6484. [Abstract]
- Aging Med (Milton). 2025 Oct 26;8(5):383-397. [Abstract]
- J Biophotonics. 2020 Dec;13(12):e202000299. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2024 May 8:719:150084. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Apr 25.
- SSRN. 2024 May 30.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Flow Cytometry
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Flow Cytometry
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RT-PCR
Biological Activity
Indocyanine green (Foxgreen)-photodynamic therapy (ICG-PDT) at concentrations 1000 μg/mL, induces the significant expression of BAX in HGF cells; however, the laser irradiation as well as ICG shows no significant effects on the expression of BCL-2 gene[1].
Guide (The following is the experimental plan we recommend. This plan serves only as a reference guide. The specific operations should be adjusted according to your actual needs.)
1. Solution preparation[3]
1.1 Preparation of stock solution
Solvent: ddH2O
Concentration: 1?mg/mL.
1.2 Preparation of working solution
Dilute to 0.03-10?μM with Tyrode’s solution or other buffers (optimized according to the experiment).
Note: The working solution should be prepared and used immediately. Keep it away from light.
2. Tissue staining
2.1 Experiments are performed on Langendorff-perfused hearts from New Zealand White rabbits.
2.2 Blebbistatin (20?μM) (HY-13813) and Biacetyl monoxime (5?mM) (HY-Y0413) are added to the perfusate to suppress contractions while allowing electrical activity to continue.
2.3 The heart is stained by adding increasing concentrations (from 0.03?μM to 10?μM) of the Indocyanine green dye to the perfusate.
2.4 Optical signals recorded with a spectrometer are collected for periods of 3?sec in duration.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Indocyanine green (ICG) can absorb the near IR laser energy and release heat in the dyed tissue. Pulsed laser treatment combined with Indocyanine green causes targeted tumor cell death in neuroblastoma tumor without capsule.
Indocyanine green injections and application of laser.
After tumor volume reached 1000 mm3, mice are anesthetized underwent laparotomy to expose the orthotopic neuroblastoma tumor, liver, and kidney; skin over the proximal leg is removed to expose the quadriceps.
Exposed tumor and organs are treated at multiple locations with a pulse or continuous wave laser (805 nm), or laser application after an injection of 10 μL of 0.857 mg/mL Indocyanine green (ICG).
Laser exposure is limited to a 3 mm diameter area for 20-120 seconds. Total energy delivered per treatment area is recorded.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
813
785
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 3599-32-4
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 774.96
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Formula C43H47N2NaO6S2
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Color Brown to breen
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SMILES
O=S(CCCC[N+]1=C(/C=C/C=C/C=C/C=C2N(CCCCS(=O)(O[Na])=O)C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C=C3)C/2(C)C)C(C)(C)C5=C1C=CC6=CC=CC=C56)([O-])=O
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Synonyms
Foxgreen; IC Green; Cardiogreen
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (44)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Bioact Mater
Construction of vascularized liver microtissues recapitulates angiocrine-mediated hepatocytes maturation and enhances therapeutic efficacy for acute liver failure. [Abstract]2025 Apr 29:50:525-539. PMID: 40391105
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Bioact Mater. 2025 Apr 29:50:525-539. [Abstract]
Representative images of Indocyanine green (ICG) (1 mg/mL, 1 h)-uptake and ICG-excretion of Los.
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ACS Nano
Reinforced Immunogenic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress via an Orchestrated Nanophotoinducer to Boost Cancer Photoimmunotherapy. [Abstract]2024 Mar 5;18(9):7267-7286. PMID: 38382065 -
ACS Nano
Albumin-Based Nanotheranostic Probe with Hypoxia Alleviating Potentiates Synchronous Multimodal Imaging and Phototherapy for Glioma. [Abstract]2020 May 26;14(5):6191-6212. PMID: 32320600 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
Restoring Tumor Cell Immunogenicity Through Ion-Assisted p53 mRNA Domestication for Enhanced In Situ Cancer Vaccination Effect. [Abstract]2025 Apr;12(14):e2500825. PMID: 39965083 -
Adv Sci (Weinh)
SRSF5-Mediated Alternative Splicing of M Gene is Essential for Influenza A Virus Replication: A Host-Directed Target Against Influenza Virus. [Abstract]2022 Dec;9(34):e2203088. PMID: 36257906 -
Biomaterials
Reversing neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke through efferocytotic phenotype reprogramming with polymeric nanoparticles. [Abstract]2026 Sep:332:124156. PMID: 41895020 -
Biomaterials
Reprogramming tumor microenvironment with precise photothermal therapy by calreticulin nanobody-engineered probiotics. [Abstract]2024 Sep 4:314:122809. PMID: 39303415 -
Biomaterials
Phototherapy and anti-GITR antibody-based therapy synergistically reinvigorate immunogenic cell death and reject established cancers. [Abstract]2021 Feb:269:120648. PMID: 33445099 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Dual-engineered Treg-Exosome-IKVAV nanovesicles spatiotemporally sequentially regulate neuro-immune microenvironment to promote spinal cord injury repair. [Abstract]2026 Jan 13;24(1):143. PMID: 41530757 -
J Nanobiotechnology
Exosomes derived from platelet-rich plasma alleviate synovial inflammation by enhancing synovial lymphatic function. [Abstract]2025 Jul 16;23(1):522. PMID: 40671121 -
Small
Self-Assembled Carrier-Free Nanomedicines Potentiate Chemo-Photothermal Immunotherapy by Overcoming Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Immunosuppression. [Abstract]2026 Apr;22(20):e12540. PMID: 41665479 -
J Control Release
A multifunctional M1-like cell vehicle to intravesically deliver ICG for photodynamic therapy of bladder cancer. [Abstract]2025 Nov 19:389:114428. PMID: 41265643 -
J Control Release
Engineered biomimetic nanoreactor for synergistic photodynamic-chemotherapy against hypoxic tumor. [Abstract]2022 Sep 22;351:151-163. PMID: 36122895 -
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Research (Wash D C)
NIR-Activated ICG-Loaded M2 Macrophage Exosomes Ameliorate Periodontitis via Targeting Infection Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. [Abstract]2026 Apr 27:9:1207. PMID: 42051363 -
Cell Rep Med
Enhancing gastric cancer immunotherapy: Insights from multi-omics analysis and innovations in photodynamic-chemotherapy nanoplatforms. [Abstract]2026 Mar 17;7(3):102635. PMID: 41747719 -
Pharmacol Res
A sequential scheme including PTT and 2'3'-cGAMP/CQ-LP reveals the antitumor immune function of PTT through the type I interferon pathway. [Abstract]2023 Oct:196:106939. PMID: 37758101
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct:196:106939. [Abstract]
The cytotoxicity of Indocyanine green (ICG) (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 mM) to macrophages, illustrated by CCK-8 assay
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct:196:106939. [Abstract]
The Indocyanine green (ICG) uptake by acceptor T24 cells in non-contact coculture models, illustrated by flow
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct:196:106939. [Abstract]
The intercellular transport of Indocyanine green (ICG) from ICG-load macrophages to GFP-transfected T24 cells in direct coculture models, illustrated by flow cytometry analysis.
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Oct:196:106939. [Abstract]
Photothermal therapy (PTT) by Indocyanine green (ICG) (20 μg/mL) induced STING-dependent and STING-independent type I interferon production in macrophages and tumor cells, respectively.
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Mater Today Bio
Biohybrid system EcN@PB for reshaping tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment to improve photothermal therapy induced antitumor immune response. [Abstract]2025 Nov 1:35:102495. PMID: 41281640 -
Cell Death Dis
Generation of proliferative hESC-derived grape-clustered hepatocyte organoids with multipolar architecture as regenerative counterpart via synergy of YAP and IGF2 pathways. [Abstract]2026 Mar 26;17(1):381. PMID: 41888105 -
Biomater Res
Distinct Roles of Matrigel Enabled the Production of Expandable Hepatoblast and Polarized Hepatocyte Organoids from Human Embryonic Stem Cells under 3-Dimensional Suspension Conditions. [Abstract]2025 Nov 7:29:0280. PMID: 41209312 -
Adv Healthc Mater
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Nano-Orchestrators for Precisely Regulated Immunogenic Cell Death as Potent Cancer Vaccines. [Abstract]2025 Jan;14(1):e2401851. PMID: 39449212 -
Acta Biomater
Metal-organic framework-mediated multifunctional nanoparticles for combined chemo-photothermal therapy and enhanced immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2022 May;144:132-141. PMID: 35307591 -
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ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Image-Guided In Vivo Tracking of Splenocyte Dynamics Using Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Based Nanoparticles in a Rodent Model. [Abstract]2026 May 13;18(18):25949-25959. PMID: 42068265 -
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
Engineered Nanovesicles for the Precise and Noninvasive Treatment of Deep Osteomyelitis Caused by MRSA Infection with Enhanced Immune Response. [Abstract]2025 Feb 26;17(8):11795-11810. PMID: 39945439 -
Int J Nanomedicine
ROS-Responsive Nanoprobes for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Cancer Targeted Combinatorial Therapy. [Abstract]2024 Aug 7:19:8071-8090. PMID: 39130685 -
Int J Nanomedicine
Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanobubbles Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Multimodal Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma. [Abstract]2023 May 23:18:2757-2776. PMID: 37250472 -
Int J Mol Med
2018 Sep;42(3):1273-1282. PMID: 29901081
Indocyanine green purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2018 Sep;42(3):1273-1282. [Abstract]
Fluorescence in nude mice following intragastric administration of PSP and Indocyanine green (ICG) at different time points. PSP, spirulina polysaccharide; NE, nanoemulsion; ICG, indocyanine green.
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Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces
Impact of macroporous silica nanoparticles at sub-50nm on bio-behaviors and biosafety in drug-resistant cancer models. [Abstract]2021 Oct:206:111912. PMID: 34147925 -
Int J Mol Sci
CRISPR-Mediated In Situ Introduction or Integration of F9-Padua in Human iPSCs for Gene Therapy of Hemophilia B. [Abstract]2023 May 19;24(10):9013. PMID: 37240366 -
Int J Mol Sci
The Enzyme 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Inhibits a Shift to the Mesenchymal Pattern of Trophoblasts and Decidual Stromal Cells Accompanied by Prostaglandin Transporter in Preeclampsia. [Abstract]2023 Mar 7;24(6):5111. PMID: 36982197 -
ACS Omega
Delivery of Monomethyl Auristatin E Using Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for B‑Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment. [Abstract]2026 May 25;11(22):32321-32335. PMID: 42294239 -
Eur J Pharm Biopharm
Cancer cell membrane-camouflaged curcumin nanoparticles trigger ferroptosis for accurate gastric cancer therapy. [Abstract]2024 Nov:204:114509. PMID: 39362384 -
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis
Treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver failure by blocking the death checkpoint protein TRAIL. [Abstract]2020 Jan 1;1866(1):165583. PMID: 31676378 -
Xenotransplantation
Immortalization of porcine hepatocytes with a α-1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout background. [Abstract]2020 Jan;27(1):e12550. PMID: 31435990 -
Sci Rep
A dissolvable microneedle patch co-delivering Zerumbone and ICG for combined chemo-photothermal therapy of melanoma. [Abstract]2026 Jan 4;16(1):3943. PMID: 41486175 -
Opt Lett
2019 Sep 1;44(17):4432-4435. PMID: 31465421 -
Biomed Opt Express
Deep-skin multiphoton microscopy of lymphatic vessels excited at the 1700-nm window in vivo. [Abstract]2021 Sep 22;12(10):6474-6484. PMID: 34745750 -
Aging Med (Milton)
Visualization of OPN-Targeted Self-Assembled Micelles Encapsulated With an SIRT6 Activator and Doped Indocyanine Green for Attenuating Vascular Aging. [Abstract]2025 Oct 26;8(5):383-397. PMID: 41180385 -
J Biophotonics
Measurement of two-photon properties of indocyanine green in water and human plasma excited at the 1700-nm window. [Abstract]2020 Dec;13(12):e202000299. PMID: 33026179 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Evaluation of the tumor-targeting specific imaging and killing effect of a CEA-targeting nanoparticle in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]2024 May 8:719:150084. PMID: 38733742 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (64.52 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 5 mg/mL (6.45 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (279 KB)
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SDS (394 KB)
- English - EN (394 KB)
- Français - FR (394 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (394 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (394 KB)
- Español - ES (394 KB)
- Swedish - SV (394 KB)
- Italian - IT (394 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (394 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Gharesi S, et al. Effect of photodynamic therapy based on indocyanine green on expression of apoptosis-related genes in human gingival fibroblast cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2017 Apr 21. [Content Brief]
[2]. Taylor JS, et al. Combined application of Indocyanine green (ICG) and laser lead to targeted tumor cell destruction. J Pediatr Surg. 2018;53(12):2475-2479. [Content Brief]
[3]. Mačianskienė R, et al. Spectral characteristics of voltage-sensitive indocyanine green fluorescence in the heart. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):7983. Published 2017 Aug 11. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O / DMSO | 1 mM | 1.2904 mL | 6.4519 mL | 12.9039 mL | 32.2597 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2581 mL | 1.2904 mL | 2.5808 mL | 6.4519 mL | |
| DMSO | 10 mM | 0.1290 mL | 0.6452 mL | 1.2904 mL | 3.2260 mL |
| 15 mM | 0.0860 mL | 0.4301 mL | 0.8603 mL | 2.1506 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.0645 mL | 0.3226 mL | 0.6452 mL | 1.6130 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.0516 mL | 0.2581 mL | 0.5162 mL | 1.2904 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.0430 mL | 0.2151 mL | 0.4301 mL | 1.0753 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.0323 mL | 0.1613 mL | 0.3226 mL | 0.8065 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0258 mL | 0.1290 mL | 0.2581 mL | 0.6452 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0215 mL | 0.1075 mL | 0.2151 mL | 0.5377 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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