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cortical

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	5-HT Receptor (16) Adenosine Deaminase (2) Adenosine Receptor (1) Adrenergic Receptor (6) Akt (10) Amino Acid Derivatives (1) AMPK (1) Amyloid-β (5) Androgen Receptor (1) Angiotensin Receptor (8) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (36) Arp2/3 Complex (1) Arrestin (2) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (2) Atg8/LC3 (1) ATP Synthase (1) Autophagy (4) Bacterial (11) Bcl-2 Family (4) Beclin1 (1) Beta-secretase (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) c-Met/HGFR (1) Calcium Channel (11) CaMK (2) Carbonic Anhydrase (2) Carboxylesterase (CES) (1) Caspase (15) CaSR (3) Cathepsin (1) CGRP Receptor (1) Chloride Channel (2) Cholecystokinin Receptor (1) Cholinesterase (ChE) (2) COX (6) Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (1) Cytochrome P450 (4) Deubiquitinase (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (3) Dopamine Receptor (8) Drug Derivative (2) Drug Isomer (4) Drug Metabolite (1) DYRK (1) EAAT (1) Emopamil Binding Protein (1) Endogenous Metabolite (9) ERK (3) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (4) Ferroptosis (3) Flavivirus (3) Fluorescent Dye (3) Fungal (4) G protein-coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (1) GABA Receptor (8) GLUT (1) Glutathione Peroxidase (3) Glycine Receptor (GlyR) (1) GSK-3 (5) HDAC (2) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (1) Histamine Receptor (3) HIV (1) iGluR (32) Interleukin Related (6) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (7) Itk (2) JAK (1) JNK (2) Kallikrein (1) Keap1-Nrf2 (3) Lipoxygenase (2) MAP4K (1) MDM-2/p53 (3) MEK (4) mGluR (3) Microtubule/Tubulin (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (5) Mitophagy (1) Mixed Lineage Kinase (1) MMP (2) MOFs (1) Monoamine Oxidase (1) Monoamine Transporter (3) mRNA (1) mTOR (6) MyD88 (1) Na+/K+ ATPase (3) nAChR (2) Neurokinin Receptor (1) Neuropeptide Y Receptor (3) NF-κB (8) NO Synthase (9) Opioid Receptor (3) Orexin Receptor (OX Receptor) (2) P2Y Receptor (1) p38 MAPK (7) Parasite (1) PARP (2) PERK (1) PGE synthase (2) Phosphodiesterase (PDE) (2) Phospholipase (2) PI3K (4) PINK1/Parkin (1) PKA (1) PKC (1) Plasminogen/Plasmin (1) Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) (1) Potassium Channel (1) Prostaglandin Receptor (2) PTHR (4) Pyk2 (1) Pyroptosis (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (17) Reference Standards (22) RET (1) RIP kinase (1) SARS-CoV (2) Ser/Thr Protease (1) Serotonin Transporter (1) Sigma Receptor (3) Sirtuin (1) SNIPERs (1) Sodium Channel (8) Somatostatin Receptor (2) Src (1) STAT (1) STING (1) Tau Protein (5) TGF-beta/Smad (2) Thyroid Hormone Receptor (5) TNF Receptor (6) Toll-like Receptor (TLR) (4) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1) Trk Receptor (1) TRP Channel (1) TrxR (1) Vasopressin Receptor (1) VD/VDR (1) Wnt (6) Xanthine Oxidase (1) YAP (1) α-synuclein (1) β-catenin (3)
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Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-10396

Emricasan Maximum Cited Publications 52 Publications Verification PF 03491390; IDN-6556	Caspase Flavivirus	Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
Emricasan (PF 03491390) is an orally active and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Emricasan inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced increases in caspase-3 activity and protected human cortical neural progenitors .

HY-B1176

Equilin 7-Dehydroestrone	Estrogen Receptor/ERR	Endocrinology
Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is an important member of the large group of oestrogenic substances and is chemically related to menformon (oestrone). Equilin increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism .

HY-P0198

Neuropeptide Y (human,rat,mouse) 3 Publications Verification Neuropeptide Y (29-64), amide	Neuropeptide Y Receptor	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Neuropeptide Y (human,rat,mouse) is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

HY-108742

Abaloparatide 3 Publications Verification BA 058; BIM 44058	PTHR Arrestin	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Abaloparatide (BA 058) is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analog. Abaloparatide also is a selective PTHR1 activator. Abaloparatide enhances Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment. Abaloparatide enhances bone formation and cortical structure in mice. Abaloparatide has the potential for the research of osteoporosis .

HY-N1163

Tetrahydroalstonine (-)-Tetrahydroalstonine	Adrenergic Receptor Atg8/LC3 Akt mTOR	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Tetrahydroalstonine ((-)-Tetrahydroalstonine) is an indole alkaloid and a selective α₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Tetrahydroalstonine exhibits certain neuroprotective effects. Tetrahydroalstonine can regulate autophagy-lysosomal function by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway, significantly reducing OGD/R-induced primary cortical neuronal injury .

HY-117743

Eprosartan 4 Publications Verification SKF-108566J free base	Angiotensin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease
Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC₅₀s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .

HY-B0553

Methazolamide 4 Publications Verification L584601	Carbonic Anhydrase Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Methazolamide (L584601) is a BBB-penetrable and orally active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, with a K_i of 14 nM for human carbonic anhydrase II. Methazolamide can reduce intraocular pressure and has a neuroprotective effect, being able to inhibit neuronal apoptosis. Methazolamide can be used in the research of ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma and cerebrovascular diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage .

HY-15834A

Eprosartan mesylate 4 Publications Verification SKF-108566J	Angiotensin Receptor	Cardiovascular Disease Endocrinology
Eprosartan mesylate (SKF-108566J) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan mesylate binds angiotensin II receptor with IC₅₀s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .

HY-123076

Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic 4 Publications Verification PFN-α	MDM-2/p53	Neurological Disease
Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic (PFN-α) is cell-permeable and active-form p53 inhibitor. Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic is one order magnitude more active than Pifithrin-α in protecting cortical neurons exposed to Etoposide (ED₅₀=30 nM). Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic behaves as a p53 posttranscriptional activity inhibitor. Pifithrin-α, p-Nitro, Cyclic do not prevent p53 phosphorylation on the S15 residue .

HY-162351

EBP-IN-1	Emopamil Binding Protein	Metabolic Disease
EBP-IN-1 is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable inhibitor of emopamil binding protein (EBP). EBP-IN-1 has an IC₅₀ of 8.2 μM against human ERG potassium channels (in CHO background). By inhibiting the sterol isomerase activity of EBP, EBP-IN-1 causes the accumulation of Zymostenol (HY-113345), and exhibits strong target binding in the brain after repeated administration in rodents. EBP-IN-1 also promotes oligodendrocyte formation in human cortical organoids and can be used in research related to multiple sclerosis .

HY-148907

CS640	CaMK MEK Mixed Lineage Kinase RIP kinase Tau Protein	Neurological Disease
CS640 (Compound 19) is a chemical probe and a calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor. CS640 inhibits CaMK1D, CaMK1B, CaMK1A, CaMK1G, MEK5, RIPK4, mLK3 and PIP5K1, with IC₅₀ values of 8, 3, 1, 1, 25 nM, 5.69, 2.75 and 11.2 μM, respectively. CS640 blocks Aβ-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein at the Thr181 site, but fails to protect primary mouse cortical neurons from Aβ-induced toxic damage. CS640 is applicable to research related to Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N2488

Demethylsuberosin 4 Publications Verification 7-Demethylsuberosin	Calcium Channel NO Synthase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Demethylsuberosin (7-Demethylsuberosin) is a coumarin compound found in Angelica gigas Nakai. Demethylsuberosin exerts antihypertensive effects by inhibiting the L-type Ca_V1.2 channel. Demethylsuberosin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Demethylsuberosin also exhibits neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells .

HY-N0307

Ciwujianoside B	Bcl-2 Family NF-κB DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Ciwujianoside B is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrable radioprotective agent and memory enhancer. Ciwujianoside B reduces radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates NF-κB and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhances the proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells. Ciwujianoside B enhances object recognition memory in normal mice and induces dendritic extension in primary cultured cortical neurons. Ciwujianoside B can be used in studies related to hematopoietic system radiation injury and memory enhancement .

HY-N0695

Schisantherin B 1 Publications Verification Gomisin-B; Wuweizi ester-B; Schisantherin-B	PI3K Akt mTOR GSK-3 Tau Protein TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Schisantherin B (Gomisin-B) is a lignan compound and one of the active components of Schisandra chinensis. Schisantherin B activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, restores the activity of GSK3β, and reduces the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal and cerebral cortical tissues. Schisantherin B upregulates the level of GLT-1, decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6, upregulates the expression of IL-10, and inhibits cell apoptosis. Schisantherin B is applicable to the research of spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and depression .

HY-160229

ssRNA40 sodium R-1075 sodium	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) MyD88 Caspase Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Autophagy Pyroptosis HIV	Infection Neurological Disease
ssRNA40 sodium (R-1075 sodium) is a single-stranded RNA40 derived from HIV-1. ssRNA40 sodium activates the TLR7, TLR8, TLR2, RIG-I, MDA5, MyD88, Caspase-3, IRE1α, NLRP3 inflammasome and IRF7 signaling pathways. ssRNA40 sodium alters mRNA expression in neutrophils, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, ROS, autophagy (autophagy), pyroptosis (pyroptosis), neuronal death, neurodegeneration, aggregate formation and NK cell activation. ssRNA40 sodium activates the expression of CD62L, CD11b, CD69, MX1, OAS1, ATG7, LC3B and XBP1 in immune cell and neuronal populations. ssRNA40 sodium causes cortical neuron loss and axonal damage in mice in a TLR7-dependent manner. ssRNA40 sodium can be used in research on HIV-1 infection, neurodegeneration, COVID-19 and HIV-associated neurological disorders .

HY-137557

Florzolotau APN1607; PM-PBB3	Tau Protein	Neurological Disease
Florzolotau (APN1607) is a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that can be used for the detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tau proteinopathies. Its binding sites are located in the β-sheet of paired helical filaments (PHFs) and straight filaments (SFs) of tau protein, as well as in the C-shaped cavity of SFs. In addition, APN-1607 binds to intraneuronal inclusions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), primary age-related tauopathy (PART) and posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Florzolotau shows promise for PET imaging studies of neurological disorders, particularly tau proteinopathies .

HY-141867

Z-FF-FMK Z-Phe-Phe-FMK	Cathepsin MEK Caspase DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Z-FF-FMK (Z-Phe-Phe-FMK) is a cell-permeable, irreversible, and cysteine protease inhibitor targeting cathepsin-L. Z-FF-FMK inhibits angiotensin II-induced MEK activation in vascular walls, aortic medial remodeling, blood pressure elevation, and upregulation of cystatin C in aortic walls. Z-FF-FMK prevents β-amyloid-mediated caspase-3 activation, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis of cortical neurons (apoptosis). Z-FF-FMK can be used in research related to hypertension and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-120017

Befloxatone MD-370503	Monoamine Oxidase	Neurological Disease
Befloxatone (MD-370503) is an orally active, selective and reversible inhibitor of Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A) (IC₅₀=4 nM). Befloxatone increases the tissue level of monoamine, striatal dopamine and cortical norepinephrine. Befloxatone has antidepressant potential .

HY-101321A

Immepip dihydrobromide	Itk	Neurological Disease
Immepip dihydrobromide is a H3 agonist. Immepip dihydrobromide can reduce cortical histamine release. Immepip dihydrobromide can be used for the research of neurological diseases .

HY-P2279

Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) 2 Publications Verification	Thyroid Hormone Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) is a parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) improves both cortical and cancellous bone structure. Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) can be used for the research of osteoporosis .

HY-18663

CP-465022 1 Publications Verification	iGluR	Neurological Disease
CP-465022 is a potent, and selective noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist with anticonvulsant activity. CP-465022 is against Kainate-induced response with an IC₅₀ of 25 nM in rat cortical neurons. CP-465022 provides a new tool to investigate the role of AMPA receptors in physiological and pathophysiological processes .

HY-131034

LP-922056 1 Publications Verification	Wnt	Others
LP-922056 is an orally active, highly potent Notum Pectinacetylesterase inhibitor with EC₅₀s of 21 nM, 55 nM in human and mouse cellular assay, respectively. LP-922056 significantly increases midshaft femur cortical bone thickness in mice and rats .

HY-N8249

Cynandione A	nAChR Interleukin Related	Inflammation/Immunology
Cynandione A is an acetophenone that can be isolated from Cynanchum Wilfordii Radix. Cynandione A protects hepatocytes and cortical neurons from toxicity and improves neurological deficits in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, cynandione A has significant anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits inflammation by activating macrophage α7 nAChR and IL-10 expression .

HY-P0198A

Neuropeptide Y (human,rat,mouse) TFA 3 Publications Verification	Neuropeptide Y Receptor	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Neuropeptide Y (human) TFA is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and protects rat cortical neurons against β-Amyloid toxicity.

HY-108742A

Abaloparatide TFA 3 Publications Verification BA 058 TFA; BIM 44058 TFA	Arrestin PTHR	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology Cancer
Abaloparatide TFA (BA 058 TFA) is a parathyroid hormone receptor 1 (PTHR1) analogue. Abaloparatide TFA also is a selective PTHR1 activator. Abaloparatide TFA enhances Gs/cAMP signaling and β-arrestin recruitment. Abaloparatide TFA enhances bone formation and cortical structure in mice. Abaloparatide TFA has the potential for the research of osteoporosis .

HY-101321

Immepip	Histamine Receptor	Neurological Disease
Immepip is a H3 agonist. Immepip can reduce cortical histamine release. Immepip can be used for the research of neurological diseases .

HY-125062

Steviolmonoside Glucosilsteviol	GLUT	Metabolic Disease
Steviolmonoside (Glucosilsteviol) is a structural analogue of steviol. Steviolmonoside decreases glucose production and inhibits oxygen uptake in rat renal cortical tubules .

HY-N13742

Dihydrohonokiol B Dihydrohonokiol	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
Dihydrohonokiol B (Dihydrohonokiol) is an anxiolytic agent. Dihydrohonokiol B can reduce the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein by stimulating the GABA_C receptor. Dihydrohonokiol B can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-120079

MSN-125 4 Publications Verification	Bcl-2 Family Apoptosis	Cancer
MSN-125 is a potent Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-125 prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) with an IC₅₀ of 4 μM. MSN-125 potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity .

HY-12294

PEAQX NVP-AAM077	Caspase Apoptosis iGluR	Neurological Disease
PEAQX (NVP-AAM077) is an orally active and selective NMDA antagonist, with IC₅₀ values of 270 nM and 29.6 μM for hNMDAR 1A/2A and hNMDAR 1A/2B, respectively. PEAQX can promote the activation of caspase-3 and induce cell apoptosis in cortical striatal slice cultures .

HY-124304

Pinokalant LOE-908	TRP Channel SARS-CoV	Neurological Disease
Pinokalant is a broad-spectrum and non-selectivecation channel inhibitor. Pinokalant significantly reduces cortical infarct volume. Pinokalant o improves the metabolic and electrophysiologic status of the ischemic penumbra. Pinokalant reduces lesion size on magnetic resonance images in the acute phase following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Pinokalant has the potential for the research of stroke. Pinokalant also shows anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity .

HY-103502

CGP7930 1 Publications Verification	GABA Receptor	Neurological Disease
CGP7930 (3-(3’,5’-Di-tert-butyl-4’-hydroxy) phenyl-2, 2-dimethylpropanol) is a positive metabotropic GABAB receptor allosteric modulator. CGP7930 enhances the inhibitory effect of l-baclofen on the oscillatory activity of cultured cortical neurons .

HY-167709

Azacosterol 20.25-Diazacholesterol	Xanthine Oxidase	Neurological Disease
Azacosterol (20.25-Diazacholesterol), also known as Diazasterol, acts as a DHCR24 inhibitor and initiates a cascade of reactions in cortical neurons after being administered orally or via intraperitoneal injection.

HY-139008

RC363	Glutathione Peroxidase	Others
RC363 is a novel probucol analog with the activity to protect mouse hippocampal cells and primary cortical neurons from glutamate-induced oxidative cell death (ferroptosis) and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1 levels and activity.

HY-100547

IEM-1754	iGluR	Neurological Disease
IEM-1754, a dicationic adamantane derivative, is a potent blocker of open channels of native ionotropic glutamate receptors including quisqualate-sensitive receptors in insect muscles, NMDAR in cultured rat cortical neurons, and AMPAR in freshly isolated hippocampal cells. IEM-1754 shows anticonvulsant potency in vivo .

HY-177888

Lc2Cer(d18:1, 22:0)	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Endocrinology
Lc2Cer(d18:1, 22:0) is a lactosylceramide containing d18:1, C22:0 ceramides. Lc2Cer(d18:1, 22:0) can be used for renal cortical epithelial cell research .

HY-103133

WAY208466 dihydrochloride	5-HT Receptor	Neurological Disease
WAY 208466 dihydrochloride is a potent and selective 5-HT₆ receptor agonist (EC₅₀=7.3 nM for the human 5-HT₆ receptor). WAY-208466 dihydrochloride elevates cortical GABA levels in rat frontal cortex . WAY 208466 dihydrochloride exhibits antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects .

HY-P2279A

Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) acetate 2 Publications Verification	Thyroid Hormone Receptor	Metabolic Disease Endocrinology
Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) (acetate) is a parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) improves both cortical and cancellous bone structure. Parathyroid hormone (1-34) (rat) can be used for the research of osteoporosis .

HY-119615

Mezilamine	Adrenergic Receptor	Neurological Disease Endocrinology
Mezilamine is a potent antidopaminergic agent. Mezilamine induces a concentration dependent increase in the electrically stimulated overflow of ³H-noradrenaline from rat cortical slices, without affecting the basal overflow. Mezilamine acts as a presynaptic α-adrenoceptor antagonist and a postsynaptic α-adrenoceptor agonist .

HY-106969A

ZD 9379 sodium	Glycine Receptor (GlyR) iGluR	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
ZD 9379 sodium is a competitive glycine/NMDA receptor antagonist, with an IC₅₀ value of 75 nM (glutamate site). ZD 9379 sodium selectively antagonizes the glycine binding site (GlyB site) on the NMDA receptor, inhibiting the binding of glycine to the NMDA receptor and alleviating excitotoxicity. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the frequency of cortical spreading depression (SDs), alleviates energy depletion in the ischemic penumbra, and delays the expansion of infarction. ZD 9379 sodium reduces the infarct volume and improves neurological function in mouse models. ZD 9379 sodium can be used in studies of acute ischemic stroke, etc .

HY-N1450

Aristolochic acid C	Phospholipase	Cancer
Aristolochic acid C is a derivative of Aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is a phospholipase A₂ (PLA2) inhibitor, which disrupts cortical microtubule arrays and root growth in Arabidopsis .

HY-137447

Pirepemat IRL752	Dopamine Receptor Cholinesterase (ChE) Adrenergic Receptor	Neurological Disease
Pirepemat (IRL752) is a corticalpreferring catecholamine- and cognition-promoting agent. Pirepemat (IRL752) is used for the study of Parkinson's disease . IRL752 is a selective enhancer of cortical dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine .

HY-N16452

Asperindole F	Fungal	Infection Neurological Disease
Asperindole F is an indole-diterpene alkaloid that can be isolated from the coral-associated fungi Aspergillus candidus. Asperindole F exhibits no significant regulatory activity in the model of primary cultured cortical neuronal hyperexcitation .

HY-P1293

Conantokin G	iGluR	Neurological Disease
Conantokin G, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G has neuroprotective properties .

HY-10396A

(2R,3S)-Emricasan (2R,3S)-PF 03491390; (2R,3S)-IDN-6556	Caspase Flavivirus	Infection Neurological Disease Cancer
(2R,3S)-Emricasan ((2R,3S)-PF 03491390) is an isomer of Emricasan (HY-10396). Emricasan is an orally active and irreversible pan-caspase inhibitor. Emricasan inhibits Zika virus (ZIKV)-induced increases in caspase-3 activity and protected human cortical neural progenitors .

HY-114978

VU0424465	mGluR PERK	Neurological Disease
VU0424465 is a potent and partial PAM (positive allosteric modulator)-agonist for mGlu₅ mediated iCa ²⁺ mobilization. VU0424465 exhibits high affinity at MPEP allosteric binding site, with a K_i value of 11.8 nM. VU0424465 is also a agonist for pERK1/2 in cortical neurons .

HY-106245

HT-0712	Phosphodiesterase (PDE)	Neurological Disease
HT-0712 is a Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor. HT-0712 enhances rehabilitation-dependent motor recovery and cortical reorganization after focal cortical ischemia .

HY-N5126

Juncusol	Others	Neurological Disease
Juncusol, a phenanthrenoid found in Juncus setchuenensis, possesses anxiolytic effect. Juncusol is associated with metabolic changes in cortical serotonin/dopamine levels in Mice .

HY-103578

S-40503	Androgen Receptor	Cancer
S-40503 is an orally active and selective androgen receptor modulator. S-40503 significantly increases the bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical strength of femoral cortical bone .

HY-139012

RC574	Ferroptosis Glutathione Peroxidase	Others
RC574 is a novel probucol analog with the activity to protect mouse hippocampal cells and primary cortical neurons from glutamate-induced oxidative cell death (ferroptosis) and increase glutathione peroxidase (GPx) 1 levels and activity.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N1163

Tetrahydroalstonine (-)-Tetrahydroalstonine	Apocynaceae Alkaloids Plants Indole Alkaloids Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Source Classification	Adrenergic Receptor Atg8/LC3 Akt mTOR
Tetrahydroalstonine ((-)-Tetrahydroalstonine) is an indole alkaloid and a selective α₂-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Tetrahydroalstonine exhibits certain neuroprotective effects. Tetrahydroalstonine can regulate autophagy-lysosomal function by activating the Akt/mTOR pathway, significantly reducing OGD/R-induced primary cortical neuronal injury .

HY-59291

Levacetylleucine N-Acetyl-L-leucine	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Amino Acid Derivatives
Levacetylleucine (N-acetyl-L-leucine), an orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant compound, is an acetylated derivative of amino acid Leucine. Levacetylleucine is the active form of N-acetyl-leucine (NAL). Levacetylleucine attenuates neuronal death and neuroinflammation in the cortical tissue of mice. Levacetylleucine also potentially improves ameliorates lysosomal and metabolic dysfunction. Levacetylleucine improves compensation of postural symptoms after unilateral chemical labyrinthectomy (UL) in rats. Levacetylleucine is promising for research of neurological manifestations of Niemann-Pick disease type C, traumatic brain injury and neurodegeneration prevention .

HY-N0123

Aloin-A Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification Barbaloin-A	Quinones Structural Classification Liliaceae Classification of Application Fields Anthraquinones Phenols Polyphenols Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Wnt
Aloin (Aloin-A; Barbaloin-A) is a natural anti-tumor anthraquinone glycoside with iron chelating activity. Aloin induces the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts through MAPK-mediated Wnt and Bmp signaling pathways. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, and the activity of ALP is also enhanced by Aloin. Aloin also reduces brain edema, reduces blood-brain barrier disruption and improves cortical impact injuries. Aloin is used in research into osteoporosis and traumatic brain injury (TBI) .

HY-N10889

Sominone	Withania somnifera Solanaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	Drug Metabolite RET
Sominone is the active metabolite of Withanoside IV (HY-N8693). Sominone enhances neuronal morphological plasticity by activating the RET pathway. Sominone can also induce axon/dendrite regeneration and synaptic reconstruction, thereby improving spatial memory. Sominone can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N6746

Citrinin NSC 186	Infection Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .

HY-N7368

Hibifolin	Flavonols Flavonoids other families Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Phenols Polyphenols Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Adenosine Deaminase Bacterial Caspase
Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Helicteres isora. Hibifolin is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (K_i = 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Hibifolin possesses a potent protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Hibifolin can abolish Aβ-induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation. Hibifolin induces Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Hibifolin is also a natural sortase A (SrtA) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.2 μM) through direct binding to SrtA protein. Hibifolin attenuates the pathogenic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus including adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. Hibifolin improves the survival of pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model and alleviates pathological damage. Hibifolin shows a synergistic antibacterial effect with Cefotaxime (HY-A0088A) .

HY-N0493

Pectolinarigenin 2 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Flavonoids Classification of Application Fields Flavones Campylotropis hirtella (Franch.) Schindl. Phenols Polyphenols Plants Compositae Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	COX Lipoxygenase NF-κB p38 MAPK ERK HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Keap1-Nrf2 PI3K Apoptosis Autophagy
Pectolinarigenin is an orally active dual inhibitor of COX-2/5-LOX with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor and neuroprotective activities. Pectolinarigenin exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects on astrocyte inflammation via the NFκB and MAPK pathways. Pectolinarigenin inhibits LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, N-FκB and p38MAPK, directly inhibits the enzymatic activity or binding of COX-2, 5-LOX and HIF-1α, and reduces the level of XIAP. Pectolinarigenin modifies Keap1 to promote nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, induces ARE-mediated antioxidant enzyme expression, and possesses direct free radical scavenging activity. Pectolinarigenin reduces the release of NO, proinflammatory mediators and leukotrienes, and increases the level of IL-10. Pectolinarigenin induces G₂/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis (Apoptosis) and autophagy (Autophagy) via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Pectolinarigenin reduces renal crystal deposition and inhibits melanin synthesis. Pectolinarigenin inhibits inflammation and alleviates allergy in mouse models of inflammation. Pectolinarigenin alleviates renal injury, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice by inhibiting HIF-1α activity. Pectolinarigenin can be used for the research of neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory/allergic diseases, calcium oxalate nephrocalcinosis, gastric cancer, melasma, post-inflammatory diseases and chloasma .

HY-N2488

Demethylsuberosin 4 Publications Verification 7-Demethylsuberosin	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Coumarins Phenols Phenylpropanoids Umbelliferae Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Echinacea angustifolia DC. Source Classification	Calcium Channel NO Synthase
Demethylsuberosin (7-Demethylsuberosin) is a coumarin compound found in Angelica gigas Nakai. Demethylsuberosin exerts antihypertensive effects by inhibiting the L-type Ca_V1.2 channel. Demethylsuberosin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Demethylsuberosin also exhibits neuroprotective activities against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells .

HY-113410

3-Methylglutaric acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-N6784

Oligomycin B	Structural Classification Microorganisms Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotics Antibiotics Disease Research Source Classification	ATP Synthase Bacterial Apoptosis Antibiotic
Oligomycin B is an antibiotic that acts as a non-selective inhibitor of ATP Synthase. Oligomycin B increases mitochondrial membrane potential. Oligomycin B induces apoptosis and necrosis. Oligomycin B impairs the motility of Plasmopara viticola zoospores and induces their lysis. Oligomycin B inhibits Magnaporthe oryzae (wheat blast fungus) and suppresses the development of wheat blast. Oligomycin B reduces hyphal growth and spore germination of Botrytis cinerea, and protects Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea infection. Oligomycin B exacerbates cytotoxic brain edema in rats with cerebral cortical contusion, increases intracranial pressure and brain water content, and aggravates mitochondrial damage in these rats. Oligomycin B is used in studies related to grape downy mildew, traumatic brain injury, wheat blast, and gray mold .

HY-121362

Evernic Acid	Structural Classification other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial Endogenous Metabolite TrxR
Evernic Acid is an orally active thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) inhibitor and antiproliferative agent. Evernic Acid inhibits the proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells. Evernic Acid blocks the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation and IκBα phosphorylation, thereby suppressing downstream inflammatory mediators. Evernic Acid acts as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent and neuroprotective agent, protects neurons from cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damage, reduces astrocyte activation, and ameliorates dopaminergic neuron loss and neuroinflammation. Evernic Acid inhibits enoyl reductases FabI and FabZ of Plasmodium falciparum. Evernic Acid downregulates the expression of lasB and rhlA genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibits quorum sensing and biofilm formation, and exerts antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Evernic Acid is applicable to research related to breast cancer, Parkinson's disease, bacterial infections and fungal infections .

HY-N0307

Ciwujianoside B	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms Plants Araliaceae Source Classification	Bcl-2 Family NF-κB DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis
Ciwujianoside B is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrable radioprotective agent and memory enhancer. Ciwujianoside B reduces radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates NF-κB and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhances the proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells. Ciwujianoside B enhances object recognition memory in normal mice and induces dendritic extension in primary cultured cortical neurons. Ciwujianoside B can be used in studies related to hematopoietic system radiation injury and memory enhancement .

HY-N0695

Schisantherin B 1 Publications Verification Gomisin-B; Wuweizi ester-B; Schisantherin-B	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Lignans Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	PI3K Akt mTOR GSK-3 Tau Protein TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Apoptosis
Schisantherin B (Gomisin-B) is a lignan compound and one of the active components of Schisandra chinensis. Schisantherin B activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, restores the activity of GSK3β, and reduces the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal and cerebral cortical tissues. Schisantherin B upregulates the level of GLT-1, decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6, upregulates the expression of IL-10, and inhibits cell apoptosis. Schisantherin B is applicable to the research of spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and depression .

HY-W749694

Cannflavin B Canniflavone	Flavonoids Cannabis sativa L Flavones Plants Moraceae Source Classification	Ferroptosis Parasite PGE synthase Lipoxygenase Trk Receptor p38 MAPK mTOR Akt
Cannflavin B is a flavonoid compound that can be isolated from Cannabis sativa L. Cannflavin B is inhibitors of PGE₂ release (IC₅₀: 0.7 μM), mPGES-1 (IC₅₀: 3.7 μM), and 5-lipoxygenase. Cannflavin B has multiple activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-ferroptosis, anti-tumor, and anti-Leishmania (IC₅₀: 14 μM). Cannflavin B can also inhibit the TrkB-BDNF signaling pathway .

HY-P2031

Phallacidin	Structural Classification Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Arp2/3 Complex
Phallacidin is a natural bicyclic heptapeptide derived from the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides. Phallacidin binds to filamentous actin specifically with high affinity, with a K_d of 20 nM. After binding to F-actin, Phallacidin strongly inhibits its depolymerization, stabilizes microfilament structures, and prevents their disruption by drugs such as cytochalasins. When conjugated with a fluorophore, Phallacidin serves as a specific fluorescent probe for F-actin, which is used to clearly visualize the distribution of actin in the cytoskeleton (e.g., stress fibers, cortical peripheral bands) under fluorescence microscopy .

HY-N0392

Polygalasaponin F	Triterpenes Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Polygalaceae Polygala japonica Houtt. Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Toll-like Receptor (TLR) PI3K Akt NF-κB MDM-2/p53 Caspase MEK Bcl-2 Family p38 MAPK Mitophagy Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis Calcium Channel
Polygalasaponin F is an orally active triterpenoid saponin monomer. Polygalasaponin F downregulates the expression of Bax, p53, caspase-3, NF-κB p65 and MEK1; restores and upregulates the expression of Bcl-2; activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; inhibits the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, nuclear translocation of NF-κB, TLR4-mediated signaling pathway, mitophagy (Mitophagy) and ROS production; enhances cell viability and suppresses apoptosis (Apoptosis). Polygalasaponin F maintains mitochondrial function, alleviates Ca ²⁺ overload, upregulates pCREB and BDNF, preserves cell viability and inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines. Polygalasaponin F alleviates lung injury induced by influenza A H1N1 and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Polygalasaponin F is applicable to researches related to Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, pneumonia induced by influenza A H1N1, stroke and Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N8572

3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone 1 Publications Verification	Flavonoids other families Flavones Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels Plants	PARP Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects .

HY-N0909

Notoginsenoside R2 1 Publications Verification 20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2	Triterpenes Structural Classification Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H. Chow Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Araliaceae Source Classification	Apoptosis MEK ERK Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Caspase COX β-catenin Src MDM-2/p53 JAK STAT
Notoginsenoside R2 (20(S)-Notoginsenoside R2; Ginsenoside Ng-R2) is an orally active notoginsenoside . Notoginsenoside R2 activates P90RSK and Nrf2 via the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced apoptotic damage in nerve cells. Notoginsenoside R2 upregulates SOX8/β-catenin by reducing miR-27a, thereby suppressing Aβ_25-35-induced neuronal apoptosis and inflammatory responses . Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting c-Src. Notoginsenoside R2 alleviates hepatic fibrosis by inducing hepatic stellate cell senescence and inhibiting the inflammatory microenvironment via JAK/STAT3 suppression . Notoginsenoside R2 can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic nephropathy and hepatic fibrosis .

HY-N8249

Cynandione A	Apocynaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Cynanchum boudieri H. Lév. & Vaniot Source Classification	nAChR Interleukin Related
Cynandione A is an acetophenone that can be isolated from Cynanchum Wilfordii Radix. Cynandione A protects hepatocytes and cortical neurons from toxicity and improves neurological deficits in a rat model of cerebral ischemia. On the other hand, cynandione A has significant anti-inflammatory effects and inhibits inflammation by activating macrophage α7 nAChR and IL-10 expression .

HY-107802

Breviscapine 2 Publications Verification Breviscapinun	Structural Classification Flavonoids Flavones Ulex europaeus L. Plants Compositae Source Classification	NF-κB Interleukin Related TGF-beta/Smad Calcium Channel
Breviscapine (Breviscapinun) is a flavonoid compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and neuroprotective activities. Breviscapine ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and vascular dementia, and inhibits the formation of postoperative abdominal adhesions. The mechanism of action of Breviscapine involves the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, signaling pathways such as TGF-β/Smad, and cellular calcium overload. Breviscapine is used for research on diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases .

HY-N13742

Dihydrohonokiol B Dihydrohonokiol	Philadelphus coronarius L. Magnoliaceae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	GABA Receptor
Dihydrohonokiol B (Dihydrohonokiol) is an anxiolytic agent. Dihydrohonokiol B can reduce the neurotoxicity induced by amyloid β protein by stimulating the GABA_C receptor. Dihydrohonokiol B can be used in the research of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease .

HY-N1450

Aristolochic acid C	Monophenols other families Classification of Application Fields Phenols Plants Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Phospholipase
Aristolochic acid C is a derivative of Aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is a phospholipase A₂ (PLA2) inhibitor, which disrupts cortical microtubule arrays and root growth in Arabidopsis .

HY-B0399A

(±)-Carnitine DL-Carnitine; DL-Levocarnitine	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
(±)-Carnitine (DL-Carnitine) is an orally effective racemic mixture of L-Carnitine (HY-B0399) and D-Carnitine. (±)-Carnitine elevates the mitochondrial NAD ⁺/NADH ratio in the presence of 1,3-butanediol (HY-77490A). (±)-Carnitine does not increase glucose and urea production from L-glutamine, but stimulates propionate gluconeogenesis in rat renal cortical slices, and significantly reduces hepatic ketone body levels in rats fed a diet containing 30% high fat plus 20% 1,3-butanediol .

HY-N1151

Thunberginol C	Structural Classification Hydrangeaceae Coumarins Phenylpropanoids Plants Source Classification	Bacterial Cholinesterase (ChE) MMP TNF Receptor
Thunberginol C is an orally active, selective, and non-competitive inhibitor of AChE and BChE, with IC₅₀ values of 41.96 and 42.36 μM, respectively. Thunberginol C exerts cytoprotective, pro-collagen type I restorative, MMP-1 inhibitory, hyaluronic acid restorative, anti-photoaging effects in skin cells. Thunberginol C exerts neuroprotective, anxiolytic, TNF-α inhibitory, neuroinflammation inhibitory, and oxidative stress inhibitory effects. Thunberginol C can be used for the research of Alzheimer’s disease, UVB-induced skin photoaging, allergic reactions, oral bacterial infections, and stress-induced anxiety .

HY-N16452

Asperindole F	Structural Classification Alkaloids Microorganisms Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Fungal
Asperindole F is an indole-diterpene alkaloid that can be isolated from the coral-associated fungi Aspergillus candidus. Asperindole F exhibits no significant regulatory activity in the model of primary cultured cortical neuronal hyperexcitation .

HY-P1293

Conantokin G	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	iGluR
Conantokin G, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G has neuroprotective properties .

HY-N5126

Juncusol	Natural Products other families Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Others
Juncusol, a phenanthrenoid found in Juncus setchuenensis, possesses anxiolytic effect. Juncusol is associated with metabolic changes in cortical serotonin/dopamine levels in Mice .

HY-118482

Sauristolactam Saurolactam	Alkaloids Monophenols Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. Phenols Plants Aristolochiaceae Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Others
Sauristolactam, a natural aristolactam isolated from aerial portions of Saururus chinensis, has significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity in primary cultured rat cortical cells . Sauristolactam also inhibits the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and has the potential to inhibit osteoclast differentiation .

HY-N8572R

3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone (Standard)	Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Flavones Coniogramme japonica (Thunb.) Diels Plants	Reference Standards PARP Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is a lipophilic flavone, can be isolated from the leaves of Primula veris. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can reduce the synthesis and accumulation of PARP and protect cortical neurones against cell death induced by Parthanatos. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone is also an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist in human breast cancer cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone can promote the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone has various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypolipidaemic, and neuroprotective or neurotrophic effects .

HY-N0123R

Aloin-A (Standard) Barbaloin-A (Standard)	Quinones Structural Classification Liliaceae Anthraquinones Phenols Polyphenols Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Wnt
Aloin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aloin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aloin (Aloin-A; Barbaloin-A) is a natural anti-tumor anthraquinone glycoside with iron chelating activity. Aloin induces the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells into osteoblasts through MAPK-mediated Wnt and Bmp signaling pathways. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, and the activity of ALP is also enhanced by Aloin. Aloin also reduces brain edema, reduces blood-brain barrier disruption and improves cortical impact injuries. Aloin is used in research into osteoporosis and traumatic brain injury (TBI) .

HY-N8693

Withanoside IV	Structural Classification Withania somnifera Solanaceae Plants Steroids Source Classification	COX Amyloid-β Sirtuin Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis SARS-CoV
Withanoside IV is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable withanolide derivative. Withanoside IV specifically binds to the Sudlow I site of HSA, induces secondary structural changes in HSA, and forms stable HSA complexes. Withanoside IV inhibits the enzymatic activity of COX-2. Withanoside IV induces axonal regeneration, peripheral nervous system myelination and increased axonal density in spinal cord tissue, reduces reactive gliosis-related changes, and improves hindlimb motor function. Withanoside IV binds to amyloid-β 1-42 to inhibit its aggregation, induces neurite outgrowth and synapse reconstruction, repairs damaged axons and dendrites, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, exerts neuroprotective effects via the BDNF and SIRT1 signaling pathways, reduces ROS production and neuronal apoptosis, and ameliorates memory deficits. Withanoside IV inhibits the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Withanoside IV can be used in research related to spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) .

HY-N0976

1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymedicarpin 11b-Hydroxy-11b,1-dihydromedicarpin	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Derris robusta Plants Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Interleukin Related Wnt
1,11b-Dihydro-11b-hydroxymedicarpin (11b-Hydroxy-11b,1-dihydromedicarpin) is a pterocarpan from Ononis viscosa subsp. breviflora is a Medicarpin derivative . Medicarpin, a natural pterocarpan, heals cortical bone defect by activation of Notch and Wnt canonical signaling pathways . Medicarpin prevents arthritis in post-menopausal conditions by arresting the expansion of TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Medicarpin down-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17A, while up-regulates anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in arthritis (CIA) model of mice .

HY-N16451

Asperindole E	Structural Classification Alkaloids Microorganisms Indole Alkaloids Source Classification	Fungal
Asperindole E is an indole-diterpene alkaloid that can be isolated from the coral-associated fungi Aspergillus candidus. Asperindole E exhibits no significant regulatory activity in the model of primary cultured cortical neuronal hyperexcitation .

HY-P1293A

Conantokin G TFA	Natural Products Animals Source Classification	iGluR
Conantokin G TFA, a 17-amino-acid peptide, is a potent, selective and competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Conantokin G TFA inhibits NMDA-evoked currents in murine cortical neurons with an IC₅₀ of 480 nM. Conantokin G TFA has neuroprotective properties .

HY-N3117

Paeonilactone B (+)-Paeonilactone B	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Terpenoids Plants Paeoniaceae Source Classification	Others
Paeonilactone B is a monoterpene with neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress. Paeonilactone B protects rat cortical cells against H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity .

HY-N1450R

Aristolochic acid C (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols other families Phenols Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Phospholipase
Aristolochic acid C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aristolochic acid C. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aristolochic acid C is a derivative of Aristolochic acid. Aristolochic acid is a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, which disrupts cortical microtubule arrays and root growth in Arabidopsis .

HY-N11930

5-Hydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone	Gramineae Phenols Polyphenols Plants Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Source Classification	Others
Hydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone is a neuroprotective agent . Hydroxy-2-[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone shows significant neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortical cell .

HY-N0307R

Ciwujianoside B (Standard)	Triterpenes Structural Classification Terpenoids Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms Plants Araliaceae Source Classification	Reference Standards Bcl-2 Family NF-κB DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis
Ciwujianoside B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ciwujianoside B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ciwujianoside B is an orally active, blood-brain barrier penetrable radioprotective agent and memory enhancer. Ciwujianoside B reduces radiation-induced DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, downregulates NF-κB and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhances the proliferative capacity of bone marrow cells. Ciwujianoside B enhances object recognition memory in normal mice and induces dendritic extension in primary cultured cortical neurons. Ciwujianoside B can be used in studies related to hematopoietic system radiation injury and memory enhancement.

HY-113410R

3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Reference Standards Na+/K+ ATPase Mitochondrial Metabolism Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
3-Methylglutaric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-W005255R

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Citrinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citrinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .

HY-N6746R

Citrinin (Standard) NSC 186 (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
Citrinin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Citrinin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .

HY-N0695R

Schisantherin B (Standard) Gomisin-B (Standard); Wuweizi ester-B (Standard); Schisantherin-B (Standard)	Structural Classification Lignans Phenylpropanoids Plants Schisandraceae Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Source Classification	Reference Standards PI3K Akt mTOR GSK-3 Tau Protein TNF Receptor Interleukin Related Apoptosis
Schisantherin B (Gomisin-B) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Schisantherin B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Schisantherin B is a lignan compound and one of the active components of Schisandra chinensis. Schisantherin B activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, restores the activity of GSK3β, and reduces the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in hippocampal and cerebral cortical tissues. Schisantherin B upregulates the level of GLT-1, decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α/IL-1β/IL-6, upregulates the expression of IL-10, and inhibits cell apoptosis. Schisantherin B is applicable to the research of spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and depression.

HY-N7368R

Hibifolin (Standard)	Flavonols Structural Classification Flavonoids other families Phenols Polyphenols Plants Source Classification	Reference Standards Adenosine Deaminase Bacterial Caspase
Hibifolin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hibifolin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hibifolin is a flavonol glycoside that can be isolated from Helicteres isora. Hibifolin is an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (K_i = 49.92 μM). Hibifolin protects neurons against β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Hibifolin possesses a potent protective activity against cell death induced by aggregated Aβ. Hibifolin can abolish Aβ-induced caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation. Hibifolin induces Akt phosphorylation in cortical neurons. Hibifolin is also a natural sortase A (SrtA) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 31.2 μM) through direct binding to SrtA protein. Hibifolin attenuates the pathogenic behavior of Staphylococcus aureus including adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. Hibifolin improves the survival of pneumonia induced by Staphylococcus aureus in mouse model and alleviates pathological damage. Hibifolin shows a synergistic antibacterial effect with Cefotaxime (HY-A0088A) .

HY-N3055

Pinusolide	Cupressaceae Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Diterpenoids Plants Disease Research Fields Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin Source Classification Cancer	Apoptosis AMPK Platelet-activating Factor Receptor (PAFR) Caspase
Pinusolide is an AMPK activator and PAF receptor antagonist. Pinusolide activates AMPK, phosphorylates ACC, enhances IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, boosts glucose uptake, and modulates insulin signaling. Pinusolide inhibits caspase-3/7 activation, intracellular calcium elevation, reactive oxygen species overproduction, lipid peroxidation, and tumor cell proliferation. Pinusolide stabilizes superoxide dismutase activity, reduces apoptotic hallmarks, induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis, and triggers DNA fragmentation. Pinusolide can be used for the research of type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and Burkitt lymphoma .

HY-N12696

Cistanoside H	Structural Classification Labiatae Phenols Polyphenols Ageratina altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. Plants Source Classification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
Cistanoside H is a phenylethanoid glycoside neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from the leaves and twigs of Callicarpa dichotoma. Cistanoside H can alleviate glutamate-induced oxidative stress and protect rat cortical cells from neurotoxic damage. Cistanoside H protects nerve cells against excitotoxic damage and can be applied in research related to neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease).

HY-N18091

Tovophyllin A	Structural Classification Guttiferae Phenols Polyphenols Garcinia mangostana Linn. Plants Source Classification	Akt GSK-3 Keap1-Nrf2 NF-κB Apoptosis
Tovophyllin A is an orally active xanthonoid compound. Tovophyllin A exerts neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease by activating the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Tovophyllin A protects mouse models of liver injury by activating Nrf2. Tovophyllin A exhibits protective anti-inflammatory activity in mouse models of acute lung injury. Tovophyllin A inhibits the activation of NF-κB and subsequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Tovophyllin A reduces apoptotic cell death (Apoptosis). Tovophyllin A has antiplasmodial activity. Tovophyllin A shows cytotoxic activity against lung epithelial cancer cells and breast cancer cells. Tovophyllin A can be used in research related to Parkinson's disease, liver injury, acute lung injury, lung epithelial cancer, and breast cancer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-15121S

L-Theanine-d5
L-Theanine-d₅ is the deuterium labeled L-Theanine. L-Theanine (L-Glutamic Acid γ-ethyl amide）is a non-protein amino acid contained in green tea leaves, which blocks the binding of L-glutamic acid to glutamate receptors in the brain, and with neuroprotective and anti-oxidative activities. L-Theanine causes anti-stress effects via the inhibition of cortical neuron excitation by oral intake .

HY-B0358AS

Flunarizine-d8 dihydrochloride
Flunarizine-d₈ dihydrochloride is deuterated labeled Flunarizine dihydrochloride (HY-B0358A). Flunarizine dihydrochloride is a potent dual Na ⁺/Ca ²⁺ channel (T-type) blocker. Flunarizine dihydrochloride is a D₂ dopamine receptor antagonist. Flunarizine dihydrochloride shows anticonvulsive and antimigraine activity, and peripheral vasodilator effects .

HY-B1176S

Equilin-d4
Equilin-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Equilin. Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is an important member of the large group of oestrogenic substances and is chemically related to menformon (oestrone). Equilin increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism .

HY-B1176S1

Equilin-d2
Equilin-d₂ (7-Dehydroestrone-d₂) is deuterium labeled Equilin. Equilin (7-Dehydroestrone) is an important member of the large group of oestrogenic substances and is chemically related to menformon (oestrone). Equilin increases the growth of cortical neurons via an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism .

HY-117743S

Eprosartan-d3
Eprosartan-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Eprosartan. Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC₅₀s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .

HY-117743S1

Eprosartan-d6
Eprosartan-d₆ is deuterated labeled Eprosartan (HY-117743). Eprosartan (SKF-108566J free base) is a selective, competitive, nonpeptid and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist, used as an antihypertensive. Eprosartan binds angiotensin II receptor with IC₅₀s of 9.2 nM and 3.9 nM in rat and human adrenal cortical membranes, respectively .

HY-113410S

3-Methylglutaric acid-d4

3-Methylglutaric acid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled 3-Methylglutaric acid (HY-113410). 3-Methylglutaric acid is a non-selective inhibitor of mitochondrial function and Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase, with an inhibition rate of 30% on rat cortical synaptosomal Na ⁺, K ⁺-ATPase. 3-Methylglutaric acid can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby causing oxidative damage and inhibiting mitochondrial redox potential and ion pump function of cell membranes. 3-Methylglutaric acid can be used to study the neuropathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases and the role of oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage in neurodegeneration .

HY-N6746S1

Citrinin-13C13

Citrinin- ¹³C₁₃ (NSC 186- ¹³C₁₃) is the ¹³C labeled Citrinin (HY-N6746). Citrinin (NSC 186) is a mycotoxin that causes food contamination and has different toxic effects. Citrinin is an effective oral anticancer agent. Citrinin has various regulatory effects on mouse immune system, including regulating the number of immune cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, altering toll-like receptor expression and cytokine production. Citrinin can induce oxidative stress and lead to early apoptosis of oocytes. Low doses of Citrinin have neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat cortical neurons. In addition, Citrinin also has antibacterial activity .

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