Microbial Metabolite Standards

Lithium citrate (tetrahydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Lithium citrate (tetrahydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Lithium citrate (Litarex) tetrahydrate is a natural preservative and food tartness enhancer. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and S phase in HaCaT cells. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate cause oxidative damage of the liver by means of the decrease of antioxidative enzyme activities. Lithium citrate tetrahydrate is also an acidulant, emulsifier, sequestrant and buffering agent widely used across many industries.

DL-Glyceraldehyde (Standard) is the analytical standard of DL-Glyceraldehyde. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DL-Glyceraldehyde is a bioactive substance involved in cellular energy metabolism and a key intermediate in sugar metabolism pathways (such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis). During glycolysis, DL-Glyceraldehyde is converted by enzymes into other metabolites to provide energy for cells; during gluconeogenesis, DL-Glyceraldehyde participates in the synthesis of glucose as a precursor. In the field of medical research, DL-Glyceraldehyde can be used to study diseases related to sugar metabolism, such as diabetes, tumors, etc.

PhIP (Standard) is the analytical standard of PhIP. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine) is the most abundant of generation of heterocyclic amines (HCA), resulted in the cooking of meat. DNA damaging and mutagenic activities. PhIP also has oestrogenic activity that could contribute to its tissue specific carcinogenicity.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimethylamine N-oxide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimethylamine N-oxide is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.

2-Furoylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2-Furoylglycine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2-Furoylglycine, a urinary metabolite in human, is a putative biomarker for coffee consumption.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Trimethylamine N-oxide (dihydrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate is a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary choline and other trimethylamine-containing nutrients. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate induces inflammation by activating the ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome. Trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate also accelerates fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation and induces cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-β/smad2 signaling pathway.

Armillarisin A (Standard) is the analytical standard of Armillarisin A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Armillarisin A has the potential for the ulcerative colitis (UC) study. Armillarisin A increases IL-4 and lower IL-1β.

Cytosporone B (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cytosporone B. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cytosporone B (Csn-B; Dothiorelone G) is a naturally occurring nuclear orphan receptor Nur77/NR4A1 agonist with an EC50 of 0.278 nM.

PF 1022A (Standard) is the analytical standard of PF 1022A. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PF 1022A is a cyclooctadepsipeptide with broadspectrum anthelmintic properties produced by fermentation of the fungus Mycelia sterilia. PF 1022A is a channel-forming ionophore. PF 1022A showes strong anthelmintic activities against Ascaridia galli in chickens. PF 1022A also can be used for angiostrongyliasis research[1][2][3].

(S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-β-Aminoisobutyric acid is a non-protein amino acid originating from the catabolism of thymine and valine.

Hispidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hispidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].

Acivicin (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Acivicin (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Acivicin hydrochloride (AT-125 hydrochloride), a natural product produced by Streptomyces sviceus, is a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) inhibitor. Acivicin hydrochloride can across the blood-brain barrier and has anti-cancer, anti-parasitic properties[1][2].

Ergosterol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Ergosterol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Ergosterol is the primary sterol found in fungi, with antioxidative, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Atractylodin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Atractylodin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Atractylodin (Atractydin) is an orally active active ingredient obtained from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea and A. chinensis. Atractylodin is a natural insecticide. Atractylodin has anti-inflammatory activity.

Calcimycin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Calcimycin. This product is used for research and analytical applications. Calcimycin is an antibiotic and a unique divalent cation ionophore, such as calcium ions and magnesium ions. Calcimycin induces Ca²⁺ -dependent cell death by increasing the intracellular calcium concentration. Calcimycin inhibits the growth of Gram-positive bacteria and some fungi, and also inhibits the activity of ATPase and uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of mammalian cells, inducing apoptosis and autophagy.

Methyl indole-3-carboxylate (Standard) is an analytical standard of Methyl indole-3-carboxylate (HY-79635). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Methyl indole-3-carboxylate is a Sorangium metabolite. Methyl indole-3-carboxylate shows weak activity against Gram-positive Nocardia sp with a MIC of 33.3 μg/mL.

Dihydrodaidzein (Standard) ((±)-Dihydrodaidzein (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Dihydrodaidzein (HY-N1461). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dihydrodaidzein is a dietary phytoestrogen. Dihydrodaidzein possesses functions including antioxidation, inhibition of DNA oxidative damage, regulation of lipid metabolism and maintenance of intestinal flora stability. Dihydrodaidzein induces apoptosis, regulates immune responses, modulates tumor-related factors, activates the Bmp-2 signaling pathway, inhibits NF-κB and MAPK, and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. Dihydrodaidzein can be used in research related to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis and inflammatory diseases.

(±)-Nornicotine (Standard) is the analytical standard of (±)-Nornicotine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (±)-Nornicotine is the primary metabolite of nicotine that is formed through demethylation of nicotine in the genus Nicotiana tabacum L. (±)-Nornicotine is a precursor of tobacco-specific nitrosamine N-nitrosonornicotine. (±)-Nornicotine has detrimental effects to human health.

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether is used as a stabilizer and embedding agent.

Sclareol glycol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Sclareol glycol (HY-N7007). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Sclareol glycol is a blood-brain barrier-permeable, reversible adenylate cyclase (AC) activator. Sclareol glycol induces dose-dependent changes in body temperature, regulates convulsive seizures and spontaneous activity. Sclareol glycol interacts with GABAergic transmission, thereby affecting dopamine-related behaviors. Sclareol glycol can be used in studies related to convulsive seizures, aggressive responses, thermoregulation, etc.